Retinal organoid and gene editing for basic and translational research
Vision Res. 2023 Jun 10;210:108273. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108273. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe rapid evolution of two technologies has greatly transformed the basic, translational, and clinical research in the mammalian retina. One is the retinal organoid (RO) technology. Various induction methods have been created or adapted to generate species-specific, disease-specific, and experimental-targeted retinal organoids (ROs). The process of generating ROs can highly mimic the in vivo retinal development, and consequently, the ROs resemble the retina in many aspects including the molecular and cellular profiles. The ...
Source: Vision Research - June 12, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: You-Min Cheng Chao Ma Kangxin Jin Zi-Bing Jin Source Type: research
Retinal organoid and gene editing for basic and translational research
Vision Res. 2023 Jun 10;210:108273. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108273. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe rapid evolution of two technologies has greatly transformed the basic, translational, and clinical research in the mammalian retina. One is the retinal organoid (RO) technology. Various induction methods have been created or adapted to generate species-specific, disease-specific, and experimental-targeted retinal organoids (ROs). The process of generating ROs can highly mimic the in vivo retinal development, and consequently, the ROs resemble the retina in many aspects including the molecular and cellular profiles. The ...
Source: Vision Research - June 12, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: You-Min Cheng Chao Ma Kangxin Jin Zi-Bing Jin Source Type: research
Retinal organoid and gene editing for basic and translational research
Vision Res. 2023 Jun 10;210:108273. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108273. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe rapid evolution of two technologies has greatly transformed the basic, translational, and clinical research in the mammalian retina. One is the retinal organoid (RO) technology. Various induction methods have been created or adapted to generate species-specific, disease-specific, and experimental-targeted retinal organoids (ROs). The process of generating ROs can highly mimic the in vivo retinal development, and consequently, the ROs resemble the retina in many aspects including the molecular and cellular profiles. The ...
Source: Vision Research - June 12, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: You-Min Cheng Chao Ma Kangxin Jin Zi-Bing Jin Source Type: research
Binocular properties of contrast adaptation in human vision
Vision Res. 2023 Jun 8;209:108261. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108261. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAdaptation to contrast has been known and studied for 50 years, and the functional importance of dynamic gain control mechanisms is widely recognized. Understanding of binocular combination and binocular fusion has also advanced in the last 20 years, but aside from interocular transfer (IOT), we still know little about binocular properties of contrast adaptation. Our observers adapted to a high contrast 3.6 c/deg grating, and we assessed contrast detection and discrimination across a wide range of test contrasts (plotted as ...
Source: Vision Research - June 10, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Mark Georgeson Paul Lerner Frederick Kingdom Source Type: research
Binocular properties of contrast adaptation in human vision
Vision Res. 2023 Jun 8;209:108261. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108261. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAdaptation to contrast has been known and studied for 50 years, and the functional importance of dynamic gain control mechanisms is widely recognized. Understanding of binocular combination and binocular fusion has also advanced in the last 20 years, but aside from interocular transfer (IOT), we still know little about binocular properties of contrast adaptation. Our observers adapted to a high contrast 3.6 c/deg grating, and we assessed contrast detection and discrimination across a wide range of test contrasts (plotted as ...
Source: Vision Research - June 10, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Mark Georgeson Paul Lerner Frederick Kingdom Source Type: research
Binocular properties of contrast adaptation in human vision
Vision Res. 2023 Jun 8;209:108261. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108261. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAdaptation to contrast has been known and studied for 50 years, and the functional importance of dynamic gain control mechanisms is widely recognized. Understanding of binocular combination and binocular fusion has also advanced in the last 20 years, but aside from interocular transfer (IOT), we still know little about binocular properties of contrast adaptation. Our observers adapted to a high contrast 3.6 c/deg grating, and we assessed contrast detection and discrimination across a wide range of test contrasts (plotted as ...
Source: Vision Research - June 10, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Mark Georgeson Paul Lerner Frederick Kingdom Source Type: research
Microglial and macroglial dynamics in a model of retinitis pigmentosa
Vision Res. 2023 Jun 7;210:108268. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108268. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn retinal degenerative diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), the characteristic photoreceptor cell death is associated with changes of microglia and macroglia cells. Gene therapy, a promising treatment option for RP, is based on the premise that glial cell remodeling does not impact vision rescue. However, the dynamics of glial cells after treatment at late disease stages are not well understood. Here, we tested the reversibility of specific RP glia phenotypes in a Pde6b-deficient RP gene therapy mouse model. We demo...
Source: Vision Research - June 9, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Nundehui D íaz-Lezama Jacqueline Kajtna Jiou Wu Monika Ayten Susanne F Koch Source Type: research
Utilization of the retinal organoid model to evaluate the feasibility of genetic strategies to ameliorate retinal disease(s)
Vision Res. 2023 Jun 7;210:108269. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108269. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOrganoid models have quickly become a popular research tool to evaluate novel therapeutics on 3-D recapitulated tissue. This has enabled researchers to use physiologically relevant human tissue in vitro to augment the standard use of immortalized cells and animal models. Organoids can also provide a model when an engineered animal cannot recreate a specific disease phenotype. In particular, the retinal research field has taken advantage of this burgeoning technology to provide insight into inherited retinal disease(s) mechan...
Source: Vision Research - June 9, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Ryan A Kelley Zhijian Wu Source Type: research
Quantum Mechanics/Molecular mechanics calculations predict A1, not A2, is present in melanopsin (Opn4m) of red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans)
In this study, computational methods were used to understand which chromophore is harbored by melanopsin in red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans). In mammals, the vitamin A derivative 11-cis-retinal (A1) is the chromophore, which provides functionality for melanopsin. However, in red-eared slider turtles, a member of the reptilian class, the identity of the chromophore remains unclear. Red-eared slider turtles, similar to other freshwater vertebrates, possess visual pigments that harbor a different vitamin A derivative, 11-cis-3,4-didehydroretinal (A2), making their pigments more sensitive to red-light than ...
Source: Vision Research - June 8, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Michael S O'Connor Zoey T Bragg James R Dearworth Heidi P Hendrickson Source Type: research
Quantum Mechanics/Molecular mechanics calculations predict A1, not A2, is present in melanopsin (Opn4m) of red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans)
In this study, computational methods were used to understand which chromophore is harbored by melanopsin in red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans). In mammals, the vitamin A derivative 11-cis-retinal (A1) is the chromophore, which provides functionality for melanopsin. However, in red-eared slider turtles, a member of the reptilian class, the identity of the chromophore remains unclear. Red-eared slider turtles, similar to other freshwater vertebrates, possess visual pigments that harbor a different vitamin A derivative, 11-cis-3,4-didehydroretinal (A2), making their pigments more sensitive to red-light than ...
Source: Vision Research - June 8, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Michael S O'Connor Zoey T Bragg James R Dearworth Heidi P Hendrickson Source Type: research
Using high-density perimetry to explore new approaches for characterizing visual field defects
Vision Res. 2023 Jun 5;210:108259. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108259. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHigh-density threshold perimetry has found that conventional static threshold perimetry misses defects due to undersampling. However, high-density testing can be both slow and limited by normal fixational eye movements. We explored alternatives by studying displays of high-density perimetry results for angioscotomas in healthy eyes-areas of reduced sensitivity in the shadows of blood vessels. The right eyes of four healthy adults were tested with a Digital Light Ophthalmoscope that gathered retinal images while presenting vi...
Source: Vision Research - June 7, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: I Mar ín-Franch H J Wyatt W H Swanson Source Type: research
Amblyopic stereo vision is efficient but noisy
In this study we used a stereo test designed specifically for that purpose. Participants identified the location of a disparity-defined odd-one-out target within a random-dot display. We tested 29 amblyopic (3 strabismic, 17 anisometropic, 9 mixed) participants and 17 control participants. We obtained stereoacuity thresholds from 59% of our amblyopic participants. There was a factor of two difference between the median stereoacuity of our amblyopic (103 arcsec) and control (56 arcsec) groups. We used the equivalent noise method to evaluate the role of equivalent internal noise and processing efficiency in amblyopic stereop...
Source: Vision Research - June 7, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Sara Alarcon Carrillo Robert F Hess Yu Mao Jiawei Zhou Alex S Baldwin Source Type: research
Using high-density perimetry to explore new approaches for characterizing visual field defects
Vision Res. 2023 Jun 5;210:108259. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108259. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHigh-density threshold perimetry has found that conventional static threshold perimetry misses defects due to undersampling. However, high-density testing can be both slow and limited by normal fixational eye movements. We explored alternatives by studying displays of high-density perimetry results for angioscotomas in healthy eyes-areas of reduced sensitivity in the shadows of blood vessels. The right eyes of four healthy adults were tested with a Digital Light Ophthalmoscope that gathered retinal images while presenting vi...
Source: Vision Research - June 7, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: I Mar ín-Franch H J Wyatt W H Swanson Source Type: research
Amblyopic stereo vision is efficient but noisy
In this study we used a stereo test designed specifically for that purpose. Participants identified the location of a disparity-defined odd-one-out target within a random-dot display. We tested 29 amblyopic (3 strabismic, 17 anisometropic, 9 mixed) participants and 17 control participants. We obtained stereoacuity thresholds from 59% of our amblyopic participants. There was a factor of two difference between the median stereoacuity of our amblyopic (103 arcsec) and control (56 arcsec) groups. We used the equivalent noise method to evaluate the role of equivalent internal noise and processing efficiency in amblyopic stereop...
Source: Vision Research - June 7, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Sara Alarcon Carrillo Robert F Hess Yu Mao Jiawei Zhou Alex S Baldwin Source Type: research
Eye movements are made to the centre of gravity of texture-defined targets
Vision Res. 2023 Jun 3;210:108264. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108264. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSaccadic localisation of targets of various properties has been extensively studied, but rarely for texture-defined figures. In this paper, three experiments that investigate the way information from a texture target is processed in order to provide a signal for eye movement control are presented. Participants made saccades to target regions embedded in a background structure, and the saccade landing position and latency were measured. The textures comprised line elements, with orientations of the lines configured to form th...
Source: Vision Research - June 5, 2023 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Shumetha K Sidhu Harriet A Allen David R T Keeble Source Type: research
