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Patient dose reduction for a localizer radiograph with an additional tin filter in chest –abdomen–pelvis, spine, and head computed tomography examinations
This study aimed to evaluate the dose reduction potential of adding a tin filter to localizer radiographs (LR) on computed tomography (CT) examinations in both phantom and clinical studies. LRs were performed using combinations of 120 kVp and 20  mA (120/20), 100 kVp with a tin filter, and 50 mA or 20 mA (Sn100/50, Sn100/20). For the phantom experiment, entrance surface doses (ESD) of the LRs were evaluated for each protocol using an anthropomorphic phantom. This retrospective clinical study included 700 patients (300 for chest–pelvis, 200 for spine, and 200 for head CTs). The volume CT dose indices (CTDIvols) of the ...
Source: Radiological Physics and Technology - February 9, 2023 Category: Physics Source Type: research

Photon dose rate distribution inside and outside a brachytherapy room
AbstractIn a brachytherapy room irradiated with an Iridium-192 (192Ir) source, the spatial distributions of photon dose rates were measured and calculated for the dose distribution both inside and outside the room. The spatial distributions were measured using a thermoluminescent dosimeter (LiF-100) on the surfaces of the concrete walls and barriers of the irradiation room. The calculations were performed using the particle and heavy ion transport code system (PHITS) by considering the detailed model of the brachytherapy room and the radiation source used in the measurements. The measured and calculated doses exhibited a s...
Source: Radiological Physics and Technology - February 2, 2023 Category: Physics Source Type: research

Monte Carlo simulation study to explore optimum conditions for Astatine-211 SPECT
Abstract211At is a promising nuclide for targeted radioisotope therapy. Direct imaging of this nuclide is important for in vivo evaluation of its distribution. We investigated suitable conditions for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of211At and assessed their feasibility using a homemade Monte Carlo simulation code, MCEP-SPECT. Radioactivity concentrations of 5, 10, or 20  kBq/mL were distributed in six spheres in a National Electrical Manufactures Association (NEMA) body phantom with a background of 1 kBq/mL. The energy window, projection number, and acquisition time were 71–88 keV, 60, and ...
Source: Radiological Physics and Technology - January 31, 2023 Category: Physics Source Type: research

Announcement of nominations for the Radiological Physics and Technology awards 2022
(Source: Radiological Physics and Technology)
Source: Radiological Physics and Technology - January 28, 2023 Category: Physics Source Type: research

Correction: Evaluation of x-ray effective focal spot size dependency on x-ray exposure settings using edge response analysis
(Source: Radiological Physics and Technology)
Source: Radiological Physics and Technology - January 25, 2023 Category: Physics Source Type: research

Modified signal-to-noise ratio in the liver using the background-to-lung activity ratio to assess image quality of whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography
AbstractThe signal-to-noise ratio in the liver (SNR liver) is commonly used to assess the quality of positron emission tomography (PET) images; however, it is weakly correlated with visual assessments. Conversely, the noise equivalent count (NEC) density showed a strong correlation with visual assessment but did not consider the effects of image reconstruction conditions. Therefore, we propose a new indicator, the modified SNR liver, and plan to verify its usefulness by comparing it with conventional indicators. We retrospectively analyzed 103 patients who underwent whole-body PET/computed tomography (CT). Approximately 60...
Source: Radiological Physics and Technology - January 23, 2023 Category: Physics Source Type: research

Determination of scattered radiation dose for radiological staff during portable chest examinations of COVID-19 patients
This study aimed to investigate scatter radiation doses received at various distances, directions, and positions. Radiation measurements were performed using the PBU-60 whole body phantom to determine scatter radiation doses at 100 –200 cm and eight different angles around the phantom. The tests were conducted with and without lead shielding. Additionally, the doses were compared using the pairedttest (p <  0.005) to determine suitable positions for workers who did not wear lead protection that adhered to radiation safety requirements. Scatter radiation doses of all 40 tests showed a highest and lowest value of 1...
Source: Radiological Physics and Technology - January 19, 2023 Category: Physics Source Type: research

Prediction of body weight from chest radiographs using deep learning with a convolutional neural network
This study aimed to investigate whether body weight can be predicted from chest radiographs using deep learning. Deep-learning models with a convolutional neural network (CNN) were trained and tested using chest radiographs from 85,849 patients. The CNN models were evaluated by calculating the mean absolute error (MAE) and Spearman ’s rank correlation coefficient (ρ). The MAEs of the CNN models were 2.63  kg and 3.35 kg for female and male patients, respectively. The predicted body weight was significantly correlated with the actual body weight (ρ = 0.917,p <  0.001 for females;ρ = 0.915,p <  0...
Source: Radiological Physics and Technology - January 13, 2023 Category: Physics Source Type: research