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Cognitive restructuring and psychotherapy outcome: A meta-analytic review.
Psychotherapy, Vol 60(3), Sep 2023, 396-406; doi:10.1037/pst0000474Cognitive restructuring (CR) is one method that is hypothesized to play a role in the process of change across many psychotherapies and for a variety of clinical presentations. In this article, we define and illustrate CR. We then present a meta-analysis of four studies (including a total of 353 clients) examining the effect of CR measured within session on psychotherapy outcomes. The overall CR-outcome association was r = .35 (95% CI [.24, .44]; equivalent of d = 0.85). While more research on CR and immediate psychotherapy outcomes is needed, there is accu...
Source: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training - March 13, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

A meta-analysis of the effects of role induction in psychotherapy.
Psychotherapy, Vol 60(3), Sep 2023, 342-354; doi:10.1037/pst0000475Role induction is a pantheoretical method that can be used in the initial phase of psychotherapy to prepare patients for treatment. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the effects of role induction on treatment dropout, and immediate, mid-, and posttreatment outcomes for adult individual psychotherapy patients. A total of 17 studies were identified that met all inclusion criteria. Data from these studies indicate that role induction has a positive impact on reducing premature termination (k = 15, OR = 1.64, p = .03, I² = 56.39) and improving i...
Source: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training - March 13, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Research review of psychotherapists’ use of metaphors.
Psychotherapy, Vol 60(3), Sep 2023, 255-265; doi:10.1037/pst0000473Therapists’ use of metaphor in psychotherapy is ubiquitous. However, compared to theoretical and clinical claims about the potential effectiveness of using metaphor, research investigations pose challenges and remain relatively sparse. We provide examples of metaphors in sessions and then systematically review the empirical literature. This research suggests that collaborative coelaboration of metaphors with clients is related to positive in-session client outcomes, particularly cognitive engagement. Future research might benefit from a more in-depth focu...
Source: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training - March 13, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

The use of questions in psychotherapy: A review of research on immediate outcomes.
This article defines and illustrates therapist questions in individual psychotherapy and then reviews the naturalistic, empirical research on their effectiveness. The research on immediate impacts of questions in psychotherapy has been mixed. The available research indicates that positive impacts, particularly of open questions, include increased client emotional expressiveness and affective exploration. However, negative impacts have also been found, suggesting that questions may be related to negative client perspectives of the therapist’s empathy and helpfulness and session smoothness. The article focuses on definitio...
Source: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training - February 27, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Effectiveness of telemental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A propensity score noninferiority analysis of outcomes.
Psychotherapy, Vol 60(2), Jun 2023, 231-236; doi:10.1037/pst0000472The COVID-19 pandemic forced governments to implement a range of public health measures that disrupted the personal and professional lives of many, including an abrupt adoption of telemental health services. Using data from a nonprofit counseling practice, we tested whether telemental health services delivered during the pandemic were inferior to face-to-face services delivered prior to the pandemic. We first characterized patients seeking therapy services before and during the pandemic to ascertain whether the demographics and presenting concerns of patien...
Source: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training - February 27, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

V-episodes in the alliance: A single-case application of multiple methods to identify rupture repair.
This article aims to further explore the V-episode operationalization of rupture–repair episodes by assessing for convergence between rupture process identified by between-session measures and the within-session observer-based Rupture Resolution Rating Scale (3RS) in a single patient–therapist dyad in a 30-session brief relational therapy. V-episodes were operationalized using various previously utilized methods to identify ruptures based on postsession measures of alliance. Results of this case study demonstrate that postsession patient-rated V-episodes in the therapeutic alliance can be indicative of within-session r...
Source: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training - January 9, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Efficacy of a mindfulness and compassion-based intervention in psychotherapists and their patients: Empathy, symptomatology, and mechanisms of change in a randomized controlled trial.
Psychotherapy, Vol 60(2), Jun 2023, 182-193; doi:10.1037/pst0000467In recent years, mindfulness and compassion-based interventions (MCBI) have been found to beneficially influence the acquisition of essential skills in psychotherapy and are a promising way to improve relationships with patients. In this regard, new studies are needed to evaluate the effects of MCBI on psychotherapists and their patients and to analyze the influence of these effects on the processes and outcomes of psychotherapy. In this randomized controlled trial, we evaluate the efficacy of an MCBI in psychotherapists’ mindfulness skills and self-repor...
Source: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training - December 8, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Correction to Jackson et al. (2022).
This study lays the groundwork for a group treatment to address intersectional stigma, mental health, and HIV risk among young Black and Latino GBM in the U.S. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training)
Source: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training - November 21, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

A typology for the interpersonal affective focus in dynamic interpersonal therapy based on a contemporary interpersonal approach.
This article reports the development of a typology for classifying IPAFs, which characterizes the predominant style based on contemporary interpersonal approaches. If such a typology can be shown to have validity in a clinical setting, it could have multiple uses that would improve understanding of how DIT works and for whom it might be effective, for example, assisting the therapist in formulating the IPAF, allowing investigations of treatment outcome and process research, and informing training. An IPAF typology was developed by means of a hybrid method of qualitative analysis of transcriptions of audio recordings of DIT...
Source: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training - November 10, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

The alliance with young people: Where have we been, where are we going?
This article aims to (a) critically review the existing knowledge on the alliance in youth psychotherapy from its definition to the existing research and (b) discuss some of the implications of this knowledge for clinical practice ad future research. This review highlights that the alliance in youth psychotherapy, as commonly measured, has a significant, although small, impact on outcomes; and that the alliance–outcome association may be influenced by the young person and the therapist’s characteristics, as well as therapy types. This points to the importance of finding tailored ways of fostering a strong alliance when...
Source: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training - November 10, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Training community-based psychotherapists to maintain a therapeutic alliance: A psychotherapy practice research network study.
Psychotherapy, Vol 60(1), Mar 2023, 98-109; doi:10.1037/pst0000466The goal of this study was to test the efficacy of training community-based psychotherapists who were part of a practice research network to be more attuned to their patients’ experiences of the therapeutic relationship. We were particularly interested in the effect of therapist training on the congruence of alliance ratings with their patients. Forty psychotherapists who treated 117 patients were randomly assigned to receive either no training or training, whose learning objectives were to help therapists to develop and maintain a therapeutic alliance. Th...
Source: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training - November 10, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Association of childhood maltreatment with adult body awareness and autonomic reactivity: The moderating effect of practicing body psychotherapy.
Psychotherapy, Vol 60(2), Jun 2023, 159-170; doi:10.1037/pst0000463Research shows the disruptive effects of early maltreatment on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning in adulthood. Psychotherapists not only tend to report higher rates of personal experience with early maltreatment, but also fewer mental problems and disturbances in adulthood, as compared to other professions. However, the role of the ANS in these processes has been understudied despite the relevance of the therapist’s psychological state and related nonverbal communication for the therapeutic alliance. By comparing body psychotherapists to the ...
Source: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training - November 3, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

A multimodal case study utilizing physiological synchrony as indicator of context in which motion synchrony is associated with the working alliance.
This study emphasizes the potential of a multimodal approach, while suggesting a possible explanation for mixed results in current literature that focuses on the association between motion synchrony and the working alliance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training)
Source: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training - November 3, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

You never know what you are going to get: Large-scale assessment of therapists’ supportive counseling skill use.
This study utilized machine-learning models trained to evaluate counseling skills to evaluate supportive skill use in 3,917 session recordings. We analyzed overall skill use and variation in practice patterns using a series of mixed effects models. On average, therapists scored moderately high on observer-rated empathy (i.e., 3.8 out of 5), 3.3% of the therapists’ utterances in a session were open questions, and 12.9% of their utterances were reflections. However, there were substantial differences in skill use across therapists as well as across clients within-therapist caseloads. These findings highlight the substantia...
Source: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training - October 27, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research