Using Verbally-Reported and Video-Observed Semiology to Identify Functional Seizures
Diagnosis of functional seizures, also known as psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, starts with a clinical interview and description of the seizures. A targeted approach to this evaluation can provide valuable information to gauge the likelihood of functional seizures as compared with other similar conditions including but not limited to epileptic seizures. This review focuses on the use of patient and witness descriptions and seizure videos to identify patients with probable functional seizures. Particular emphasis is given to recognizing the limitations of the available data and the influence of health-care provider exper...
Source: Neurologic Clinics - April 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Wesley T. Kerr Source Type: research
Functional Speech and Voice Disorders
Historically, formal training for speech-language therapists (SLTs) in the area of functional speech and voice disorders (FSVD) has been limited, as has the body of empirical research in this content area. Recent efforts in the field have codified expert opinions on best practices for diagnosing and treating FSVD and have begun to demonstrate positive treatment outcomes. To provide comprehensive interventions for these complex conditions at the intersection of neurology, psychiatry, and other medical specialties, the SLT must not only build knowledge of diagnostic strategies and components of symptomatic treatment in FSVD ...
Source: Neurologic Clinics - April 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Jennifer L. Freeburn, Janet Baker Source Type: research
Outpatient Approach to Occupational Therapy for Paroxysmal Functional Neurologic Symptoms
This article aims to describe in detail the goals and treatment strategies for occupational therapists to replicate this approach. This article is also an important first step in aiding the development and execution of clinical trials to further evaluate the effectiveness of sensory-based treatment in patients with FND. (Source: Neurologic Clinics)
Source: Neurologic Clinics - April 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Jessica Ranford, Julie MacLean Source Type: research
Somatic Symptom Disorder and Health Anxiety
The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) and Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD) replaced the diagnostic entities of the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) somatoform disorders and hypochondriasis. SSD turns away from specifying the presence or absence of a medical condition for presented symptoms and instead focuses on excessive symptom-related affects, cognitions, and behaviors. People with pathological health anxiety can be diagnosed with SSD or IAD, depending on the intensity of accompanying somatic...
Source: Neurologic Clinics - April 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Karoline S. Sauer, Michael Witth öft, Winfried Rief Source Type: research
Informed Consent and Decision-Making for Patients with Acquired Cognitive Impairment
Informed consent (IC) is an ethical and legal requirement grounded in the principle of autonomy. Cognitive impairment may often interfere with decision-making capacity necessitating alternative models of ethically sound deliberation. In cases where the patient lacks decision-making capacity, one must determine the appropriate decision-maker and the criteria used in making a medical decision appropriate for the patient. In this article, I critically discuss the traditional approaches of IC, advance directives, substituted judgment, and best interests. A further suggestion is that thinking about sufficient reasons for or aga...
Source: Neurologic Clinics - April 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Christos Lazaridis Source Type: research
Medical Assistance in Dying in Neurology
An increasing number of jurisdictions have legalized medical assistance in dying (MAID) with significant variation in the procedures and eligibility criteria used. In the United States, MAID is available for persons with terminal illnesses but is frequently sought by persons with neurologic conditions. Persons with conditions that cause cognitive impairment, such as Alzheimer dementia, are often ineligible for MAID, as their illness is not considered terminal in its early stages, whereas in later stages, they may have impaired decision-making capacity. (Source: Neurologic Clinics)
Source: Neurologic Clinics - April 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Brent M. Kious Source Type: research
Legal and Ethical Issues in the Neurology of Reproductive Health
Women may acquire neurologic conditions during their reproductive years. As a result, the potential for pregnancy must be considered when selecting appropriate treatment of these women. Physicians who adhere to the standard of care through sound clinical judgment, use of shared decision-making, provide appropriate and timely consultation and follow-up, and clearly document all aspects of patient care minimize legal liability in the event of an unanticipated pregnancy resulting in fetal harm due to treatment with a teratogenic medication. (Source: Neurologic Clinics)
Source: Neurologic Clinics - April 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Susan P. Raine Source Type: research
Brain Death
Although the fundamental principle behind the Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA), the equivalence of death by circulatory-respiratory and neurologic criteria, is accepted throughout the United States and much of the world, some families object to brain death/death by neurologic criteria. Clinicians struggle to address these objections. Some objections have been brought to court, particularly in the United States, leading to inconsistent outcomes and discussion about potential modifications to the UDDA to minimize ethical and legal controversies related to the determination of brain death/death by neurologic criteria...
Source: Neurologic Clinics - April 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Danielle Feng, Ariane Lewis Source Type: research
Gender Differences in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Differences exist between genders in intracerebral hemorrhage cause, epidemiology, and outcomes. These gender differences are in part attributable to physiologic differences; however, demographic, social/behavioral risk factors, along with health care system variation and potential family and/or clinician bias play a role as well. These factors vary from region to region and interact, making comprehensive and definitive conclusions regarding sex differences a challenging task. Differences between the genders in intracerebral hemorrhage epidemiology and extensive differences in underlying pathophysiology, intervention, risk...
Source: Neurologic Clinics - April 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Nicholas Dykman Osteraas Source Type: research
Sex Differences in Alzheimer ’s Disease
Reviewing the research presented in this article, it is evident that from an epidemiological perspective, it is important to evaluate the extent to which findings of sex and gender differences in Alzheimer ’s dementia (AD) are due to differences in longevity, survival bias, and comorbidities. Medical, genetic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors, in addition to hormonal factors, can differentially affect the risk and progression of AD in women versus men. Further, evaluation of sex differences in A D progression and the trajectory of change in cognitive function, neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood-based ...
Source: Neurologic Clinics - April 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Neelum T. Aggarwal, Michelle M. Mielke Source Type: research
Migraine and the Gender Divide
Migraine is a global neurologic disease that is highly prevalent, especially in women. Studies have observed a predisposition for the development of migraine in women, although the mechanisms involved have yet to be fully elucidated. This review aimed to summarize the recent evidence regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of migraine and highlight key sex differences. We also identify gaps in care for both women and men living with migraine and discuss the presence of migraine-related stigma and how this may impact the efficacy of clinical care. (Source: Neurologic Clinics)
Source: Neurologic Clinics - April 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Aimen Vanood, India C. Rangel, Amaal J. Starling Source Type: research
Neurologic Disorders in Women and Sleep
This article reviews available data on sleep disorders in women with neurologic disorders and discusses their distinctive features. (Source: Neurologic Clinics)
Source: Neurologic Clinics - April 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Fidaa Shaib Source Type: research
Neurological Disorders in Women: From Epidemiology to Outcome
NEUROLOGIC CLINICS (Source: Neurologic Clinics)
Source: Neurologic Clinics - April 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Rima M. Dafer Source Type: research
Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Neurologic Clinics)
Source: Neurologic Clinics - April 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Contributors
RANDOLPH W. EVANS, MD (Source: Neurologic Clinics)
Source: Neurologic Clinics - April 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
