Contribution of modifiable risk factors on the burden of diabetes among women in reproductive age-group in India: a population based cross-sectional study
AbstractThe diabetes burden is rapidly accelerating in India, particularly since the 2000s. We explore the burden and contribution of modifiable risk factors in diabetes among reproductive women across geographic regions of India. The study uses data from the National Family Health Survey in India 2015 –2016, Census of India 2011, and World Population Prospects 2015. We computed Population Attributable Fractions and the number of total and estimated avoidable diabetic cases across regions. The prevalence of diabetic cases in India were 24.4 per 1000 women, varying across geographic regions. Diab etes affected around 8.2 ...
Source: Journal of Public Health Policy - January 18, 2022 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Ending nuclear weapons before they end us: current challenges and paths to avoiding a public health catastrophe
AbstractThe United Nations Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) —an important planetary health good—entered into legal force in January 2021. Evidence of the consequences of nuclear war, particularly the global climatic and nutritional effects of the abrupt ice age conditions from even a relatively small regional nuclear war, indicates that these are more se vere than previously thought. None of the nine nuclear-armed states is disarming; instead, all invest enormously in new and more hazardous nuclear weapons. Nor has any of the 32 states claiming reliance on another state's nuclear weapons yet ended su...
Source: Journal of Public Health Policy - January 17, 2022 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Analysis of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in colored cosmetics marketed in Pakistan
AbstractHeavy metal contamination of the cosmetic products poses potential harm for consumers ’ health. We aimed to determine the concentration of Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), and Cadmium (Cd) in locally available colored cosmetics such as lipsticks, foundation cream, facial powder, and eye shadows. We determined concentration of As, Pb, and Cd in 40 samples of colored cosmetics by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and determined significant differences in As and Cd concentrations across the colored cosmetics. We detected a high concentration of Pb and As in lipstick and eye shadow samples. C...
Source: Journal of Public Health Policy - January 17, 2022 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
A public health framework for the equitable global allocation of vaccines: COVID-NEEDS
We present factors to consider, but future work will be required to understand how to weight the factors and to determine the practical utility of the framework for supplementing existing COVID-19 vaccine allocation mechanisms. (Source: Journal of Public Health Policy)
Source: Journal of Public Health Policy - January 13, 2022 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Association of preferred flavorings and device type with box or pack purchase behavior of electronic nicotine delivery systems in the United States
This study examined the associations of preferred flavorings and device type of ENDS with box or pack purchase behavior. We analyzed current adult ENDS users in the United States who reported purchase of their own ENDS. Logistic regression revealed an increased likelihood of box/pack purchase behavior among users of menthol or mint-flavored ENDS, disposable, pod-based devices, and those who purchase ENDS from the Internet. A moderation analysis showed that the magnitude of the association between menthol or mint-flavored ENDS use and box/pack purchase was stronger among disposable and pod-based device users compared to tan...
Source: Journal of Public Health Policy - January 8, 2022 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Patterns and predictors of non-communicable disease multimorbidity among older adults in India: evidence from longitudinal ageing study in India (LASI), 2017 –2018
AbstractEscalating non-communicable disease multimorbidity rates among older adults is an emerging public health concern in India, but the literature sparsely addresses the epidemiology of multimorbidity. We explore levels, patterns, combinations and predictors of multimorbidity among older adults using information on 59,764 individuals, aged 45 years and older, from the first wave of Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), 2017–2018. We computed multimorbidity score for sixteen non-communicable diseases to identify frequently occurring morbidity patterns (dyads and triads) and assess the relationship between multim...
Source: Journal of Public Health Policy - January 8, 2022 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Harm reduction in tobacco control: where do we draw the line?
AbstractWith substance abuse, harm reduction refers to reducing or replacing use of a harmful product with a less risky agent. But many advertised “non-pharmaceutical” harm reduction alternatives for tobacco smoking are problematic. Studies have revealed inconclusive results using agents including chewing tobacco and e-cigarettes to quit smoking and have demonstrated continued use of these agents. Many smoking harm reduction agents pose ot her health risks not found in traditional tobacco smoking. Given these limitations, efforts should focus on promoting nicotine replacement therapy, and other pharmacologic agents wit...
Source: Journal of Public Health Policy - January 8, 2022 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Mental health and firearms: what is our trajectory in the United States?
AbstractPossession of firearms by individuals suffering from psychiatric illness continues to prove a challenge to public health in the United States. Despite efforts like New York State's SAFE Act of 2013 to address this crisis, shootings have only increased over the past decade. This Viewpoint proposes three novel methods for addressing this issue: gun prescriptions, a national ‘Do Not Shoot’ registry, and a hotline for confiscating illicit patient firearms, and assesses their constitutionality and potential policy benefits. (Source: Journal of Public Health Policy)
Source: Journal of Public Health Policy - January 6, 2022 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
We must practice what we preach: a framework to promote well-being and sustainable performance in the public health workforce in the United States
AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic, along with efforts to address systemic racism and social injustice, has required the public health workforce to mobilize an unprecedented and extensive frontline response while simultaneously delivering core services and addressing natural disasters and other emergent threats. Research conducted among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic indicates an increase in anxiety, depression, and burnout, but mental health effects of the pandemic on the public health workforce are less well understood. Left unaddressed, secondary traumatic stress resulting from exposure to the trauma ...
Source: Journal of Public Health Policy - January 4, 2022 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
COVID-19 lockdown implementation in Ghana: lessons learned and hurdles to overcome
AbstractCOVID-19 exacts huge health and economic burdens on the global economy. To minimize spread of the virus, most governments of the wealthiest countries implemented lockdowns —a tough preventive measure. Ghana implemented a partial lockdown of two major cities, then lifted it in few weeks despite rising numbers of cases. This Viewpoint presents perspectives of key stakeholders in the public about lockdown implementation in Ghana. Respondents characterize the lifting of the lockdown as hasty, poorly communicated, and lacking transparency. Most would have preferred a longer lockdown despite the pressures it imposed es...
Source: Journal of Public Health Policy - January 4, 2022 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Consequences of microaggresion, macroagression, and mega-aggression from the public health perspective
(Source: Journal of Public Health Policy)
Source: Journal of Public Health Policy - January 4, 2022 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Facing leadership that kills
(Source: Journal of Public Health Policy)
Source: Journal of Public Health Policy - November 29, 2021 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Advancing health policy development through cross-cultural teams: examples from two global maternal and child health policies
(Source: Journal of Public Health Policy)
Source: Journal of Public Health Policy - November 23, 2021 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Stakeholders ’ assessment of US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s contributions to the development of National Public Health Institutes in seven countries
AbstractNational Public Health Institutes (NPHIs) can strengthen countries ’ public health capacities to prevent, detect, and respond to public health emergencies. This qualitative evaluation assessed the role of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in NPHI development and strengthening of public health functions. We interviewed NPHI staff (N = 43), non-NPHI government staff (N = 29), and non-governmental organization staff (N = 24) in seven countries where CDC has supported NPHI development: Cambodia, Colombia, Liberia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, and Zambia. Participants identified four ...
Source: Journal of Public Health Policy - November 22, 2021 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Advancing health equity with artificial intelligence
AbstractPopulation and public health are in the midst of an artificial intelligence revolution capable of radically altering existing models of care delivery and practice. Just as AI seeks to mirror human cognition through its data-driven analytics, it can also reflect the biases present in our collective conscience. In this Viewpoint, we use past and counterfactual examples to illustrate the sequelae of unmitigated bias in healthcare artificial intelligence. Past examples indicate that if the benefits of emerging AI technologies are to be realized, consensus around the regulation of algorithmic bias at the policy level is...
Source: Journal of Public Health Policy - November 22, 2021 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
