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The Importance of Humanistic Approach to Traffic Accidents
Iran has witnessed one the fastest decline in the road traffic mortality in past decade. Despite this great achievement, the number of death toll has increased in past two years although in a small manner. The global situation is similarly alarming and recent figures show an increase in the number of fatalities and injuries despite the proclaimed goals for decade of action by the united nation. The current situation does not mean that there were negligence but it indicates more importantly the urgent need to combine the current engineering approach to more humanistic approach to this modern world preventable disaster. Risk...
Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research - September 23, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Safe System Speed Management
Speed management is crucial to a safe road and traffic system. Unsafe speeds travelled by motor vehicles contributes to around 40% of road fatalities. This lecture discusses the pivotal role of speed management insafe systemroad safety and how to address the problem of speeding.With the adoption ofSafe Systemprinciples for road safety strategies, it is no longer acceptable that people should die or be seriously injured due to mistakes made when using roads. The design and management parameter for road and traffic systems should focus on the fallibility and vulnerability of human road users. Speed is a most critical factor ...
Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research - September 23, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Road traffic injury Epidemiology
About 25% of all fatal injuries or 1.35 million deaths on the world ’s roads are due to road traffic injuries (RTIs). For every road traffic fatality, at least 20 people sustain non-fatal injuries. Deaths from RTIs has been increased from 2015 to 2018 global report. Distribution of these deaths varies by epidemiological patterns. For instance, the global road traf fic fatality rate is 18 per 100 000 population, however, 20.1 in middle-income countries while 8.7 in high-income ones. About 80% of road traffic deaths occur in middle-income countries, with 72% of the world’s population, and only 52% of the world’s regist...
Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research - September 23, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

20 000 - 3 000 Traffic fatalities per year - Milestones of Road Safety in Germany
Up to 1970 the number of traffic fatalities was rising from year to year. The burden for families as well as for the society was tremendous. Therefore, a strong movement was started within our society, to stop this deadly war on our streets. The government published laws: Speed limit in town and outside, seatbelts obligatory for all passengers, airbags in all cars, alcohol restriction, and mandatory helmets for motorcyclist and etc. Law enforcement was implemented and executed by trained traffic police.The car industry detected, that safety is a marketing tool to sell cars in Germany as well as in other countries. Research...
Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research - September 23, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Infrastructure Related Road Safety Interventions
Approximately 1.35 million people die on the world ' s roads every year (That is about 3700 every day!!). Nearly half (49%) of the fatalities are pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists. In addition, there are 20-50 million people injured every year due to road traffic. Studies have shown that road design deficiencies largely contribute to road traffic injuries. A holistic and integrated approach to road safety must be taken to improve traffic safety.From the five Es of traffic safety (engineering, education, enforcement, emergency services, and evaluation) the emphasis is placed on infrastructure design and improvements a...
Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research - September 23, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

30-year Analysis of Designated International Safe Communities
Conclusion: The International Safe Community movement has accomplished remarkable growth in the 30 years since it began in Sweden in the late 1980s. The program has achieved high reach. Four hundred and three communities have been designated by the end of 2018 with a population footprint of 86 million people. (Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research)
Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research - September 23, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Achieving Good Practice in Legislation, Law Enforcement and Driving Behaviour Interventions
The objective is to influence road user behaviours so as to adopt a culture of safety and an attitude of respect. Respect for self, respect for passengers and importantly, respect for other road users, ensuring safety for all.The International “Safe Systems Approach” provides guidance and direction in improving the road network, vehicle design and road user behaviours. This presentation will provide focus on road user behaviours and particularly high-risk activities.   Reform must be founded on a dynamic and active national road safety council endorsed with the political will of government and vested wit...
Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research - September 23, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Drowning physiology and the effective factors on drowning in Guilan's beaches and swimming pools
Conclusions: Obviously, the sequence of events of drowning is different in freshwater from that of drowning in salt water because fresh water is hypotonic to blood, while sea water is hypertonic. Drowning in sea water has a different sequence compared with drowning in sea water (containing 3.5% salt) which is hypertonic to blood (0.9% salt). Various studies have concluded that spontaneous resuscitation of people with near drowning and drowning or asphyxia (without breath), is possible which requires a series of initial measures. Moreover, according to the results of this study, drowning incidence was higher in men and youn...
Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research - August 24, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Effects of standard measures in pools safety and safe-making strategies
Conclusions: Examining case studies showed Iranian pools do not have the required safety features. Providing and observing guidelines for designing in the implementation and construction of pools can promote the pools ’ quality and safety in the optimum level. (Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research)
Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research - August 24, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

A presentation of drowning detection system on coastal lines using image processing techniques and neural network
Conclusions:For detecting drowning in sea beaches, the neural network is the best approach with the highest precision. (Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research)
Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research - August 24, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Drowning during 2011-2017 in Langarud County
Conclusions: This study showed that drowning in Langarud County is an important issue beyond the province. For decreasing drowning cases, it is recommended to take the measures including making young and adolescent men aware of the dangers and reasons of drowning, youth swimming training, informing people of the risk of swimming outside the protected areas, and developing plans and improving rescue systems. (Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research)
Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research - August 24, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Designing a first-aid kit for use in commercial and fishing vessels based on possible types of injuries
Conclusions: Today, even systems equipped with numerous supplies for rapid rescue and transportation such as NATO rescue systems still provide their medical staff with high quality equipment. In other words, NATO troops, which benefit from a variety of protective and anti-bullet covers, as well as diverse and fast-moving vehicles for rescue and transportation, still have special emphasis on relief efforts at the scene of the incident. Therefore, it is desirable to pay special attention to the rescue and relief in both military and civilian floating vessels. (Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research)
Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research - August 24, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Study of the effect of health education based on the transtheoretical model in increasing the knowledge of the population covered by shaft Ahmadsargorab Healthcare Center to prevent drowning in 2017
Conclusions: This study showed using health education models plays an important role in promoting population knowledge and preventing drowning. The results of this study can be generalized to other populations. It is hoped that this study be a starting point for paying more attention to the use of health education models to prevent drowning and promote the health of our society. (Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research)
Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research - August 24, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Study of drowning in fresh and salt water
Conclusions:The risk of drowning is not merely on busy beaches and can threaten people wherever there is water. Given the possible complications that may occur due to the ingestion of plenty of water after swimming in these places, education and increasing knowledge of people, as well as observing the safety points in this regard is necessary. (Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research)
Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research - August 24, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Epidemiologic study of drowning in Mashhad during 2014-2017
Conclusions: Most of the drowning victims were children. Therefore, it is essential for parents to protect their children close to water, especially in private areas such as pools in gardens. We should make such places safe. Safety equipment, protection and training should also be given special attention in public swimming pools and recreational facilities. (Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research)
Source: Journal of Injury and Violence Research - August 24, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research