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Contributors
HELEN W. BOUCHER, MD, FIDSA, FACP (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - October 30, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Contents
Richard R. Watkins and Robert A. Bonomo (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - October 30, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - October 30, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

The Continuing Plague of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterbacterales Infections
This article aims to narrate the evolving epidemiology of ESBL infections and highlights current challenges in terms of management and prevention of these common infections. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - September 30, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Amos Adler, David E. Katz, Dror Marchaim Source Type: research

Overview
The effectiveness of antibiotics continues to erode because of the relentless spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Public and private foundations, professional organizations, and international health agencies recognize the threat posed by AMR and have issued calls for action. One of the main drivers of AMR is overprescription of antibiotics, both in human and in veterinary medicine. The One Health concept is a response from a broad group of stakeholders to counter the global health threat posed by AMR. In this article, we discuss current trends in AMR and suggest strategies to mitigate its ongoing dissemination. (Sour...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - September 29, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Richard R. Watkins, Robert A. Bonomo Source Type: research

Bacteremia due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Vancomycin and daptomycin are options for the initial treatment of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia. Treatment options for persistent MRSA bacteremia or bacteremia due to vancomycin-intermediate or vancomycin-resistant strains include daptomycin, ceftaroline, and combination therapies. There is a critical need for high-level evidence from clinical trials to allow optimally informed decisions in the treatment of MRSA bacteremia. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - September 29, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Marisa Holubar, Lina Meng, William Alegria, Stan Deresinski Source Type: research

Resistance to Novel β-Lactam–β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations
Significant advances were made in antibiotic development during the past 5  years. Novel agents were added to the arsenal that target critical priority pathogens, including multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales. Of these, 4 novel β-lactam–β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (ceftolozane-tazobactam, ceftazidime-avibactam, m eropenem-vaborbactam, and imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam) reached clinical approval in the United States. With these additions comes a significant responsibility to reduce the possibility of emergence of resistance. Reports in the rise of resistance towa...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - September 29, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Krisztina M. Papp-Wallace, Andrew R. Mack, Magdalena A. Taracila, Robert A. Bonomo Source Type: research

Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a major public health threat; its management poses a significant economic burden. Treatment requires a programmatic approach with access to laboratory services, second-line medications, and adequate clinical resources. In recent years, we have seen rapid developments in diagnostic techniques with whole genome sequencing –based drug susceptibility prediction now in reach, an array of new drugs that transform treatment regimens to purely oral formulations, and a steady stream of multinational trials that inform us about most efficient combinations. Our hope is that the...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - September 29, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Khalid M. Dousa, Sebastian G. Kurz, Charles M. Bark, Robert A. Bonomo, Jennifer J. Furin Source Type: research

Aminoglycoside Resistance
This article prov ides up-to-date information with a focus on aminoglycoside-resistant 16S rRNA MTases. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - September 29, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jun-Ichi Wachino, Yohei Doi, Yoshichika Arakawa Source Type: research

The Continuing Plague of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Infections
This article aims to narrate the evolving epidemiology of ESBL infections and highlights current challenges in terms of management and prevention of these common infections. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - September 29, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Amos Adler, David E. Katz, Dror Marchaim Source Type: research

The Evolving Role of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory in Identifying Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria
The evolution of resistance to antimicrobial agents in gram-negatives has challenged the role of the clinical microbiology laboratory to implement new methods for their timely detection. Recent development has enabled the use of novel methods for more rapid pathogen identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and detection of resistance markers. Commonly used methods improve the rapidity of resistance detection from both cultured bacteria and specimens. This review focuses on the commercially available systems available together with their technical performance and possible clinical impact. (Source: Infectious Di...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - September 29, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Andrea Endimiani, Alban Ramette, Daniel D. Rhoads, Michael R. Jacobs Source Type: research

Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in the Community
Multidrug-resistant bacteria are among the most important current threats to public health. Typically, they are associated with nosocomial infections. However, some have become prevalent causes of community-acquired infections, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Shigella, Salmonella, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The community spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria is also a crucial development. An important global threat on the horizon is represented by production of carbapenemases by community-acquired hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. Such strains have already been found in Asia, Europe, and North America. Prevention of ...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - September 29, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: David van Duin, David L. Paterson Source Type: research

Agents of Last Resort
Polymyxin resistance is a major public health threat, because the polymyxins represent last-line therapeutics for gram-negative pathogens resistant to essentially all other antibiotics. Minimizing any potential emergence and dissemination of polymyxin resistance relies on an improved understanding of mechanisms of and risk factors for polymyxin resistance, infection prevention and stewardship strategies, together with optimization of dosing of polymyxins (eg, combination regimens). (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - September 29, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Qiwen Yang, Jason M. Pogue, Zekun Li, Roger L. Nation, Keith S. Kaye, Jian Li Source Type: research

Infective Endocarditis in Persons Who Use Drugs
Infective endocarditis associated with injection drug use (IDU-IE) is markedly increasing in the United States and Canada. Long-term outcomes are dismal and stem from insufficient substance use disorder treatment. In this review, we summarize the principles of antimicrobial and surgical management for infective endocarditis associated with injection drug use. We discuss approaches to opioid use disorder care and harm reduction in the inpatient setting and review opportunities to address preventable infections among persons injecting drugs. We highlight barriers to implementing optimal treatment and consider novel approache...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - August 13, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Asher Schranz, Joshua A. Barocas Source Type: research

The Clinical Microbiology Laboratory and the Opioid Epidemic
We describe stressed workflows, pathogens that defy protocols, and limits of current technologies. Laboratories may benefit from protocol revisions, additional resources, workflow oversight, and improved communication with clinical providers to optimally meet challenges associated with this public health crisis. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - August 13, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Simeon D. Kimmel, Nancy S. Miller Source Type: research