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Forthcoming Issues
Covid-19 Infection (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - February 13, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

COVID-19: Where We Are, Where We Need to Be
The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed life across the globe. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has directly caused hundreds of millions of cases and millions of deaths and has indirectly had far-reaching impacts on health and society. Many of the direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impact marginalized and less-resourced persons and communities around the world, and the disparate impacts, including wide-ranging differences in public health and political responses, have meant that we are all living through the same pandemic, but having vastly differen...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - February 10, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Rachel A. Bender Ignacio, Rajesh T. Gandhi Tags: Preface Source Type: research

Preface: COVID-19: Where We Are, Where We Need to Be
The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed life across the globe, directly through the hundreds of millions of cases and millions of deaths due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the time of this publication but also indirectly in its far-reaching impacts on health and society. Many of the direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impact marginalized and less-resourced persons and communities around the world, and the disparate impacts, including wide-ranging differences in public health and political responses, have meant that we are all living through t...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - February 10, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Rachel A. Bender Ignacio, Rajesh T. Gandhi Source Type: research

Pharmacologic Treatment and Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019
Over the last 2  years, there has been gradual and sustained progress toward our understanding of pharmacotherapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a result of large- and small-scale randomized controlled trials. Numerous new and repurposed treatments have been evaluated; some have demonstrated benefit in clinically important outcomes like mortality and hospitalization, and optimism for oral antiviral treatments is growing. Given the rapidly evolving landscape of COVID-19 treatments, frontline clinicians should use treatment and management guidelines to guide their approach to each patient, with the individual’...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - February 9, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Amy Hirsch Shumaker, Adarsh Bhimraj Source Type: research

Pharmacologic treatment and management of covid-19
Over the last two years, there has been gradual and sustained progress towards our understanding of pharmacotherapy for COVID-19 as a result of large and small scale randomized controlled trials. Numerous new and repurposed treatments have been evaluated and some have demonstrated benefit in clinically important outcomes like mortality and hospitalization and optimism for oral antiviral treatments is growing. Given the rapidly evolving landscape of COVID-19 treatments, front line clinicians should utilize treatment and management guidelines to guide their approach to each patient, with the individual ’s severity and loca...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - February 9, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Amy Hirsch Shumaker, Adarsh Bhimraj Source Type: research

Infection Prevention and Control of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Health Care Settings
The authors describe infection prevention and control approaches to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the health care setting, including a review of the chain of transmission and the hierarchy of controls, which are cornerstones of infection control and prevention. The authors also discuss lessons learned from nosocomial transmission events. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - January 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Marisa L. Winkler, David C. Hooper, Erica S. Shenoy Source Type: research

COVID-19 Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations
In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the virology, the host-pathogen interactions and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 in humans. We also describe the various clinical presentations of the disease including respiratory system and extrapulmonary manifestations. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - January 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: R. Alfonso Hernandez Acosta, Zerelda Esquer Garrigos, Jasmine R. Marcelin, Prakhar Vijayvargiya Source Type: research

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections in Children
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in children generally have milder presentations, but severe disease can occur in all ages. MIS-C and persistent post-acute COVID-19 symptoms can be experienced by children with previous infection and emphasize the need for infection prevention. Optimal treatment for COVID-19 is not known, and clinical trials should include children to guide therapy. Vaccines are the best tool at preventing infection and severe outcomes of COVID-19. Children suffered disproportionately during the pandemic not only from SARS-CoV-2 infection but because of disruptions to ...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - January 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Eric J. Chow, Janet A. Englund Source Type: research

COVID-19 in the Immunocompromised Host, Including People with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
This review describes the incidence, epidemiology, and risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients, including persons with human immunodeficiency virus. It describes various preventive measures, including vaccines and their effectiveness and the role of monoclonal antibodies for pre-exposure prophylaxis. It also reviews the different treatment options for immunocompromised individuals, including antivirals, monoclonal antibodies, and immunomodulators. Lastly, it describes the impact of COVID-19 on transplantation and continuity care of this population. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - January 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Niyati Jakharia, Aruna K. Subramanian, Adrienne E. Shapiro Source Type: research

Awakening
The violence and victimization brought by colonization and slavery and justified for over a century by race-based science have resulted in enduring inequities for black, Indigenous and people of color (BIPOC) across the United States. This is particularly true if BIPOC individuals have other intersecting devalued identities. We highlight how such longstanding inequities paved the way for the disproportionate burdens of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the BIPOC populations across the country and provide recommendations on how to improve COVID-19 mitigation strategies with the goal of eliminating disparities. (Sour...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - January 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Michele P. Andrasik, Alika K. Maunakea, Linda Oseso, Carlos E. Rodriguez-Diaz, Stephaun Wallace, Karina Walters, Michi Yukawa Source Type: research

Infection Prevention and Control of SARS-CoV-2 In Healthcare Settings
We describe infection prevention and control approaches to SARS-CoV-2 in the healthcare setting, including a review of the chain of transmission and the hierarchy of controls, which are cornerstones of infection control and prevention. We also discuss lessons learned from nosocomial transmission events. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - January 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Marisa L. Winkler, David C. Hooper, Erica S. Shenoy Source Type: research

COVID-19: Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations
In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the virology, the host-pathogen interactions and mechanisms of disease of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans. We also describe the various clinical presentations of the disease and the underlying mechanisms of disease on the respiratory system and other organs which originate them. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - January 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: R. Alfonso Hernandez Acosta, Zerelda Esquer Garrigos, Jasmine R. Marcelin, Prakhar Vijayvargiya Source Type: research

SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Children
SARS-CoV-2 infections in children generally have milder presentations but severe disease can occur in all ages. MIS-C and persistent post-acute COVID-19 symptoms can be experienced by children with previous infection and emphasize the need for infection prevention. Optimal treatment for COVID-19 is not known and clinical trials should include children to guide therapy. Vaccines are the best tool at preventing infection and severe outcomes of COVID-19. Children suffered disproportionately during the pandemic not only from SARS-CoV-2 infection but because of disruptions to daily life, access to primary care and worsening inc...
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - January 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Eric J. Chow, Janet A. Englund Source Type: research

COVID-19 in the Immunocompromised Host, including People with HIV
We describe various preventive measures including vaccines and their effectiveness and the role of monoclonal antibodies for pre-exposure prophylaxis.We also review the different treatment options for immunocompromised individuals, including antivirals, monoclonal antibodies and immunomodulators. Lastly, we describe the impact of COVID-19 on transplantation and continuity care of this population. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - January 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Niyati Jakharia, Aruna Subramanian, Adrienne E. Shapiro Source Type: research

SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and Prevention in the Era of the Delta Variant
The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant transmits much more rapidly than prior SARS-CoV-2 viruses. The primary mode of transmission is via short range aerosols that are emitted from the respiratory tract of an index case. There is marked heterogeneity in the spread of this virus, with 10-20% of index cases contributing to 80% of secondary cases while most index cases have no subsequent transmissions. Vaccination, ventilation, masking, eye protection, and rapid case identification with contact tracing and isolation can all reduce transmission of this virus. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America)
Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America - January 31, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Eric A. Meyerowitz, Aaron Richterman Source Type: research