The role and medical prospects of long non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular disease
AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) has reached epidemic proportions and is a leading cause of death worldwide. One of the long-standing goals of scientists is to repair heart tissue damaged by various forms of CVD such as cardiac hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, heart fibrosis, and genetic and developmental heart defects such as heart valve deformities. Damaged or defective heart tissue has limited regenerative capacity and results in a loss of functioning myocardium. Advances in transcriptomic profiling technology have revealed that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is transcribed from what was once...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - October 5, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Targeting estrogen receptor signaling for treating heart failure
AbstractHeart failure (HF) is a significant public health problem worldwide. It has long been noted that premenopausal women, compared to postmenopausal women and men, have lower rates for developing this disease, as well as subsequent morbidity and mortality. This difference has been attributed to estrogen playing a cardioprotective role in these women, though exactly how it does so remains unclear. In this review, we examine the presence of estrogen receptors within the cardiovascular system, as well as the role they play behind the cardioprotective effect attributed to estrogen. Furthermore, we highlight the underlying ...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - October 3, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Conduction system pacing: how far are we from the “electrical” bypass?
AbstractConduction system pacing is an alternative practice to conventional right ventricular apical pacing. It is a method that maintains physiologic ventricular activation, based on a correct pathophysiological basis, in which the pacing lead bypasses the lesion of the electrical fibers and the electrical impulse transmits through the intact adjacent conduction system. For this reason, it might be reasonably characterized by the term “electrical bypass” compared to the coronary artery bypass in revascularization therapy. In this review, reference is made to the sequence of events in which conventional right ventricul...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - September 30, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Heart failure and exercise cardiac rehabilitation in the 21st Century
(Source: Heart Failure Reviews)
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - September 30, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Metabolic adaptations in pressure overload hypertrophic heart
AbstractThis review article offers a detailed examination of metabolic adaptations in pressure overload hypertrophic hearts, a condition that plays a pivotal role in the progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The paper delves into the complex interplay between various metabolic pathways, including glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, branched-chain amino acid metabolism, and ketone body metabolism. In-depth insights into the shifts in substrate utilization, the role of different transporter proteins, and the potential impact of hy...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - September 28, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Valvular heart disease in patients with cardiac amyloidosis
AbstractCardiac amyloidosis (CA) is an underdiagnosed condition caused by the deposition of misfolded proteins, namely immunoglobulin light chains and transthyretin, in the extracellular spaces of the heart. Any cardiovascular structure can be affected by amyloid infiltration, including the valves. Amyloid accumulation within the cardiac valves may lead to their structural and functional impairment, with a profound impact on patients ’ prognosis and quality of life. The most common forms of valvular disease in CA are aortic stenosis (AS), mitral regurgitation (MR), and tricuspid regurgitation (TR). CA and AS share simila...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - September 22, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Stem cell-based therapies for heart failure management: a narrative review of current evidence and future perspectives
AbstractHeart failure (HF) is a prevalent and debilitating global cardiovascular condition affecting around 64 million individuals, placing significant strain on healthcare systems and diminishing patients ’ quality of life. The escalating prevalence of HF underscores the urgent need for innovative therapeutic approaches that target the root causes and aim to restore normal cardiac function. Stem cell-based therapies have emerged as promising candidates, representing a fundamental departure from con ventional treatments focused primarily on symptom management. This review explores the evolving landscape of stem cell-base...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - September 21, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Assessment and management of heart failure in patients with chronic kidney disease
AbstractHeart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are two pathological conditions with a high prevalence in the general population. When they coexist in the same patient, a strict interplay between them is observed, such that patients affected require a clinical multidisciplinary and personalized management. The diagnosis of HF and CKD relies on signs and symptoms of the patient but several additional tools, such as blood-based biomarkers and imaging techniques, are needed to clarify and discriminate the main characteristics of these diseases. Improved survival due to new recommended drugs in HF has increasingly ...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - September 20, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Patient phenotype profiling using echocardiography and natriuretic peptides to personalise heart failure therapy
AbstractHeart failure (HF) is a progressive condition with a clinical picture resulting from reduced cardiac output (CO) and/or elevated left ventricular (LV) filling pressures (LVFP). The original Diamond-Forrester classification, based on haemodynamic data reflecting CO and pulmonary congestion, was introduced to grade severity, manage, and risk stratify advanced HF patients, providing evidence that survival progressively worsened for those classified as warm/dry, cold/dry, warm/wet, and cold/wet. Invasive haemodynamic evaluation in critically ill patients has been replaced by non-invasive haemodynamic phenotype profil...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - September 20, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
The sympathetic nervous system in heart failure revisited
AbstractSeveral attempts have been made, by the scientific community, to develop a unifying hypothesis that explains the clinical syndrome of heart failure (HF). The currently widely accepted neurohormonal model has substituted the cardiorenal and the cardiocirculatory models, which focused on salt-water retention and low cardiac output/peripheral vasoconstriction, respectively. According to the neurohormonal model, HF with eccentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) (systolic HF or HF with reduced LV ejection fraction [LVEF] or HFrEF) develops and progresses because endogenous neurohormonal systems, predominantly th...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - September 14, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Predictive biomarkers for the early detection and management of heart failure
AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious public health concern whose incidence has been on a rise and is projected by the World Health Organization to be the leading global cause of mortality by 2030. Heart failure (HF) is a complicated syndrome resulting from various CVDs of heterogeneous etiologies and exhibits varying pathophysiology, including activation of inflammatory signaling cascade, apoptosis, fibrotic pathway, and neuro-humoral system, thereby leading to compromised cardiac function. During this process, several biomolecules involved in the onset and progression of HF are released into circulation. Thes...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - September 13, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Hyponatremia and takotsubo syndrome: a review of pathogenetic and clinical implications
AbstractHyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality with important prognostic and therapeutic implications. It might exert detrimental effects on various organ systems including the central nervous system (CNS), bone, and heart along with its potential association with poor quality of life. These adverse effects might be largely mediated through a variety of mechanisms including osmotic stress, dysfunctional transmembrane exchangers, and enhanced oxidative stress.Interestingly, hyponatremia might also have an important association with takotsubo syndrome (TTS) that has been universally considered as a reversible form ...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - September 12, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Call for candidates: Editor-in-Chief for the Heart Failure Reviews
(Source: Heart Failure Reviews)
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - September 6, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing criteria for advanced therapies in patients with heart failure
AbstractMany cardiology associations endorse the role of the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to define the severity of impairment of functional capacity in individuals with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and when evaluating the need for advanced therapies for these patients. The focus of the CPET within the cardiology community has been on peak volume of oxygen uptake (VO2). However, several CPET variables are associated with outcomes in individuals with and without chronic disease and can inform clinical decisions in individuals with HFrEF. In this manuscript, we will review the normal cardiopul...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - August 30, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
The prognostic impact of right ventricular-pulmonary arterial coupling in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
AbstractThe echocardiographic tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/pulmonary artery systolic pressure (TAPSE/PASP) ratio is a non-invasive surrogate of right ventricular-pulmonary arterial (RV-PA) coupling which corresponds well with the respective invasively derived index. Recently, a wealth of observational data has arisen, outlining its prognostic value in heart failure (HF) patients. To systematically appraise and quantitatively synthesize the evidence of the prognostic value of TAPSE/PASP ratio in left-sided HF regardless of etiology or left ventricular ejection fraction. A systematic literature review was condu...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - August 28, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
