Targeted treatments of AL and ATTR amyloidosis
AbstractThe therapeutic landscape for cardiac amyloidosis is rapidly evolving. In the last decade, our focus has shifted from dealing with the inevitable complications of continued extracellular infiltration of amyloid fibrils to earlier identification of these patients with prompt initiation of targeted therapy to prevent further deposition. Although much of the focus on novel targeted therapies is within the realm of transthyretin amyloidosis, light chain amyloidosis has benefited due to an overlap particularly in the final common pathway of fibrillogenesis and extraction of amyloid fibrils from the heart. Here, we revie...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - November 16, 2021 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Sodium-based osmotherapy for hyponatremia in acute decompensated heart failure
We present a detailed methodology that addresses the issue of hypervolemic hyponatremia in patients with ADHF and AKI. (Source: Heart Failure Reviews)
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - November 12, 2021 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Large animal models of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
AbstractHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterized by diastolic dysfunction and multiple comorbidities. The number of patients is continuously increasing, with no improvement in its unfavorable prognosis, and there is a strong need for novel treatments. New devices and drugs are difficult to assess at the translational preclinical step due to the lack of high-fidelity large animal models of HFpEF. In this review, we describe the summary of historical and evolving techniques for developing large animal models. The representative methods are pressure overload models, including (1) aortic banding,...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - November 9, 2021 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Letter to the editor to update the article “Remote monitoring for heart failure using implantable devices: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials”
AbstractOur recently published systematic review and meta-analysis of heart failure (HF) remote monitoring using implantable devices (Hajduczok et al. in HF Reviews 1–20, 1) has been updated to reflected new data from the GUIDE-HF trial (Lindenfeld et al. in Lancet 398(10304):991-1001,2). Data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed to determine the effectiveness of implantable remote monitoring on the improvement of outcomes in HF patients. With the inclusion of the data from 1000 patients followed for 12 months in GUIDE-HF, our conclusions remain unchanged: Compared to standard of care, remote mon...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - November 9, 2021 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
The utility of positron emission tomography in cardiac amyloidosis
AbstractCardiac amyloidosis, characterized by progressive restrictive cardiomyopathy, presents unusual diagnostic challenges. Conventional cardiac scintigraphy has shown limited utility in the quantification of disease burden and serial follow-up of cardiac amyloidosis. The advent of specialized positron emission tomography with specific amyloid-binding radiotracers has the potential to change currently employed diagnostic algorithms for the imaging of cardiac amyloidosis. This review aims to discuss the diagnostic utility of amyloid-binding radiotracers, including Pittsburg compound B, florbetapir, florbetapan, and sodium...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - November 7, 2021 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
The role of lymphangiogenesis in cardiovascular diseases and heart transplantation
AbstractCardiac lymphangiogenesis plays an important physiological role in the regulation of interstitial fluid homeostasis, inflammatory, and immune responses. Impaired or excessive cardiac lymphatic remodeling and insufficient lymph drainage have been implicated in several cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction (MI). Although the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of functional lymphatics are not fully understood, the interplay between lymphangiogenesis and immune regulation has recently been explored in relation to the initiation and development of these diseases. In this...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - November 4, 2021 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Use of disease-modifying drugs in diabetic patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure are closely related, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of developing heart failure, and those with heart failure are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Although no specific randomized clinical trials have been conducted to test the effect of cardiovascular therapies (drugs and/or devices) in diabetic patients with heart failure, a lot of evidence shows that all interventions effective in improving prognosis in patients with heart failure reduced ejection fraction are equally beneficial in patients with and without diabetes. However, th...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - November 3, 2021 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Diabetes and SGLT2-iss inhibitors in patients with heart failure with preserved or mid-range left ventricular ejection fractions
AbstractDiabetic patients frequently develop heart failure with preserved (HFpEF) or mid-range (HFmEF) cardiac ejection fractions. This condition may be secondary to diabetic cardiomyopathy or one of several relevant comorbidities, mainly hypertension. Several mechanisms link diabetes to HFpEF or HFmEF. Among these, non-enzymatic glycation of interstitial proteins, lipotoxicity, and endothelial dysfunction may promote structural damage and ultimate lead to heart failure. Findings from several large-scale trials indicated that treatment with sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-iss) resulted in significant impro...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - November 1, 2021 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Effects of bromocriptine in peripartum cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
In conclusion, the addition of bromocriptine to standard HF treatment in PPCM was associated with significantly higher survival and higher LVEF improvement. No association with lower composite adverse clinical outcomes or LVEF recovery was seen. The findings, although encouraging, wa rrant larger randomized-controlled studies. (Source: Heart Failure Reviews)
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - November 1, 2021 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Editorial Expression of Concern: Water and sodium in heart failure: a spotlight on congestion
(Source: Heart Failure Reviews)
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - October 13, 2021 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Correction to: Cardiac xenotransplantation: a promising way to treat advanced heart failure
A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-021-10127-4 (Source: Heart Failure Reviews)
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - October 13, 2021 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Correction to: Intermittent levosimendan infusion in ambulatory patients with end-stage heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 984 patients
(Source: Heart Failure Reviews)
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - October 13, 2021 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Elamipretide for Barth syndrome cardiomyopathy: gradual rebuilding of a failed power grid
AbstractBarth syndrome is a rare and potentially fatal X-linked disease characterized by cardiomyopathy, skeletal muscle weakness, growth delays, and cyclic neutropenia. Patients with Barth syndrome are prone to high risk of mortality in infancy and the development of cardiomyopathy with severe weakening of the immune system. Elamipretide is a water-soluble, aromatic-cationic, mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide that readily penetrates and transiently localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Therapy with elamipretide facilitates cell health by improving energy production and inhibiting excessive formation of reactive...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - October 8, 2021 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Histamine receptors in heart failure
AbstractThe biogenic amine, histamine, is found predominantly in mast cells, as well as specific histaminergic neurons. Histamine exerts its many and varied actions via four G-protein-coupled receptors numbered one through four. Histamine has multiple effects on cardiac physiology, mainly via the histamine 1 and 2 receptors, which on a simplified level have opposing effects on heart rate, force of contraction, and coronary vasculature function. In heart failure, the actions of the histamine receptors are complex, the histamine 1 receptor appears to have detrimental actions predominantly in the coronary vasculature, while t...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - October 8, 2021 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Creatine deficiency and heart failure
AbstractImpaired cardiac energy metabolism has been proposed as a mechanism common to different heart failure aetiologies. The energy-depletion hypothesis was pursued by several researchers, and is still a topic of considerable interest. Unlike most organs, in the heart, the creatine kinase system represents a major component of the metabolic machinery, as it functions as an energy shuttle between mitochondria and cytosol. In heart failure, the decrease in creatine level anticipates the reduction in adenosine triphosphate, and the degree of myocardial phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate ratio reduction correlates with d...
Source: Heart Failure Reviews - October 7, 2021 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
