Comorbidity Between Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Across the Lifespan: A Systematic and Critical Review
Abstract: The concept of comorbidity between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been discussed for two decades. No review, however, has examined this question in light of the stark contrast in disorder-specific phenomenology and neurobiology. We review reported prevalence rates and the methodological, phenomenological, and theoretical issues concerning concomitant ADHD-OCD. Reported co-occurrence rates are highly inconsistent in the literature. Studies aimed at examining the potential for comorbidity have suffered from various methodological problems, including the e...
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - July 1, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Connectivity in Autism: A Review of MRI Connectivity Studies
Learning Objective: After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:
Assess the resting state and diffusion tensor imaging connectivity literature regarding subjects with autism spectrum disorder.
Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 1 in 50 children between the ages of 6 and 17 years. The etiology of ASD is not precisely known. ASD is an umbrella term, which includes both low- (IQ < 70) and high-functioning (IQ > 70) individuals. A better understanding of the disorder and how it manifests in individual subjects can lead to more effective intervention plans to fulfill the individual’s ...
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - July 1, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Pathophysiology of Psychotic Disorders
This article first discusses speculative points as to why the mechanisms of epigenetics may be satisfying explanatory mechanisms in the etiology of psychotic disorders, then details emerging experimental evidence of roles for the three types of epigenetic mechanisms in these illnesses, and finally discusses these mechanisms as potentially compelling areas of research for the development of future treatments. (Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry)
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - May 1, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Building Bridges in a Fractured Family: Developing New Conversations Around Technology and Sexual Orientation
No abstract available (Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry)
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - May 1, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Clinical Challenge Source Type: research
Psychiatry Department Response to the Boston Marathon Bombings Within a Level-1 Trauma Center
This article aims to (1) provide a descriptive analysis of how we enacted disaster and trauma guidelines and evidence-based care within a hospital setting, (2) shed light on the unique and unexpected administrative and systemic issues encountered in our response, and (3) discuss lessons learned, including opportunities to improve trauma-related care. (Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry)
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - May 1, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research
The Psychiatry of Light
Abstract: Bright light therapy and the broader realm of chronotherapy remain underappreciated and underutilized, despite their empirical support. Efficacy extends beyond seasonal affective disorder and includes nonseasonal depression and sleep disorders, with emerging evidence for a role in treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, delirium, and dementia. A practical overview is offered, including key aspects of underlying biology, indications for treatment, parameters of treatment, adverse effects, and transformation of our relationship to light and darkness in contemporary life. (Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry)
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - May 1, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research
Deinstitutionalization of American Public Hospitals for the Mentally Ill Before and After the Introduction of Antipsychotic Medications
Abstract: Deinstitutionalization following the introduction of antipsychotic medications in 1954 has received much attention as a major narrative in psychiatry. Little attention has been given, however, to deinstitutionalization before 1954. Using United States census data on discharge and readmission rates of US mental hospitals from 1935 to 1964, this article analyzes deinstitutionalization using an interrupted time-series model, with particular attention to the statistical significance of trends before and after the advent of antipsychotics. Discharge rates significantly increased in the period before antipsychotics, in...
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - May 1, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Review Source Type: research
First-Episode Psychosis in the Criminal Justice System: Identifying a Critical Intercept for Early Intervention
Learning Objective: After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:
Evaluate emerging concepts of identification, treatment and discharge planning for individuals who are experiencing a first psychotic episode while detained in the criminal justice system.
Abstract: The United States incarcerates more people than any other nation in the world. The system of jails and prisons that holds those individuals has become the largest provider of mental health care in the country, with rates of psychotic illness many times higher than in the community. A subset of this population includes individuals experi...
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - May 1, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research
Challenges in Managing Acute on Chronic Pain in a Pregnant Woman at High Risk for Opioid Use Disorder in the General Hospital Setting
No abstract available (Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry)
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - March 1, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Clinical Challenge Source Type: research
The Globalization of Addiction Research: Capacity-Building Mechanisms and Selected Examples
Abstract: Over the past decade, the amount and variety of addiction research around the world has increased substantially. Researchers in Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, United States, and western Europe have significantly contributed to knowledge about addiction and its treatment. However, the nature and context of substance use disorders and the populations using drugs are far more diverse than is reflected in studies done in Western cultures. To stimulate new research from a diverse set of cultural perspectives, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) has promoted the development of addiction research capacity an...
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - March 1, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research
Gambling Disorder and Other Behavioral Addictions: Recognition and Treatment
Abstract: Addiction professionals and the public are recognizing that certain nonsubstance behaviors—such as gambling, Internet use, video-game playing, sex, eating, and shopping—bear resemblance to alcohol and drug dependence. Growing evidence suggests that these behaviors warrant consideration as nonsubstance or “behavioral” addictions and has led to the newly introduced diagnostic category “Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders” in DSM-5. At present, only gambling disorder has been placed in this category, with insufficient data for other proposed behavioral addictions to justify their inclusion. This re...
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - March 1, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder: Current and Emerging Therapies
This article reviews the neurobiological and neurobehavioral foundation of alcohol use disorder, the mechanisms of action and evidence for the efficacy of currently approved medications for treatment, and the literature on other emerging pharmacotherapies. (Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry)
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - March 1, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Alcohol Use Disorders in Pregnancy
Abstract: Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are less prevalent in pregnant women than in nonpregnant women, but these disorders can create a host of clinical challenges when encountered. Unfortunately, little evidence is available to guide clinical decision making in this population. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can have negative consequences on both fetus and mother, but it remains controversial as to the volume of alcohol consumption that correlates with these consequences. Likewise, little evidence is available to support the use of particular pharmacologic interventions for AUDs during pregnancy or to guide the managem...
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - March 1, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Treatment of Co-occurring Anxiety Disorders and Substance Use Disorders
Abstract: Anxiety disorders commonly co-occur with substance use disorders both in the general population and in treatment-seeking samples. This co-occurrence is associated with greater symptom severity, higher levels of disability, and poorer course of illness relative to either disorder alone. Little research has been conducted, however, on the treatment of these co-occurring disorders. This gap may not only leave anxiety untreated or undertreated but also increase the risk for relapse and poor substance use outcomes. The aim of this article is to review the current state of the literature on treating co-occurring anxiet...
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - March 1, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Treatment of Tobacco Use Disorders in Smokers with Serious Mental Illness: Toward Clinical Best Practices
Abstract: Addiction to tobacco-derived nicotine remains highly prevalent in the United States, with 18% using daily, and 53% of those with serious mental illness using daily. While smokers with serious mental illness have been excluded from most large nicotine-dependence treatment studies, a growing evidence base is available to guide clinicians in assisting their patients with psychiatric illness to quit smoking. The aim of this review is to present the evidence on safety and efficacy of smoking cessation interventions for those with serious mental illness. Smokers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders should receive vare...
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - March 1, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
