From the Blood-Brain Barrier to Childhood Development: A Case of Acute-Onset Psychosis and Cognitive Impairment Attributed to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in an Adolescent Female: Erratum
No abstract available (Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry)
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - March 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: ERRATUM Source Type: research
A Case of Catatonia and Psychosis: A Multidisciplinary Approach and Perspective
No abstract available (Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry)
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - March 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Clinical Challenge Source Type: research
The Computations of a Traumatized Mind: A Latent Cause Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
In cognitive psychology, a recent perspective based on the notion of latent cause (LC) has offered new insight on how learning and memory work. Here I explore the implications of this novel perspective to understand posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The proposal is that, because of a propensity to interpret events as manifestations of multiple LCs (a propensity facilitated by experiencing traumas in childhood), PTSD patients form an LC associated with the trauma and that this LC is responsible for typical symptoms of the illness (specifically, intrusive symptoms and associated fear). Later, after the trauma, some patie...
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - March 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Perspective Source Type: research
Ketamine in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review
Conclusion
In order to advance clinical practice regarding the use of ketamine in treating OCD, future randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are required. These trials need to use larger samples to explore ketamine and its enantiomers, with different methods of administration, multiple sessions, and appropriate washout periods. (Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry)
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - March 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Perspective Source Type: research
Does Hippocampal Volume in Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Vary by Trauma Type?
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder that can develop after experiencing a traumatic event and is, in part, characterized by memory disturbances. Given its important role in learning and memory, the hippocampus has been studied extensively in PTSD using volumetric neuroimaging techniques. However, the results of these studies are mixed. The variability in findings across studies could arise from differences in samples with regard to trauma type, but this connection has not yet been formally assessed. To assess this question, we conducted (1) mixed-effects meta-analyses to replicate previous meta-...
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - March 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Review Source Type: research
Psychiatric Symptoms Across the Menstrual Cycle in Adult Women: A Comprehensive Review
Learning objective
After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:
• Discuss and outline the general and overlapping effects of the menstrual cycle on women’s mental health
A growing body of research demonstrates menstrual cycle–dependent fluctuations in psychiatric symptoms; these fluctuations can therefore be considered as prevalent phenomena. Possible mechanisms underlying these fluctuations posit behavioral, psychological, and neuroendocrine influences. Recent reviews document cyclic exacerbation of symptoms and explore these mechanisms in the context of specific and often singl...
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - March 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Review Source Type: research
Suicide Prevention in Your Pocket: A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Interventions for the Management of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
Conclusions
Ecological momentary interventions provide certain advantages, such as their wide availability, versatility, and potential for customization. These interventions can be useful complements to traditional care, especially in situations in which face-to-face care is not possible. Evidence on the effectiveness of such interventions is still scarce. Furthermore, barriers limiting implementation in clinical practice remain. The constant advance of technology means that these interventions have great potential for improvement in the coming years. (Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry)
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - March 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Review Source Type: research
Acknowledgments
No abstract available (Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry)
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - January 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Acknowledgments Source Type: research
Acknowledgements
No abstract available (Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry)
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - January 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Acknowledgements Source Type: research
From the Blood-Brain Barrier to Childhood Development: A Case of Acute-Onset Psychosis and Cognitive Impairment Attributed to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in an Adolescent Female
Learning objectives
After participating in this CME activity, the clinician will be better able to:
• Interpret classifications of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE).
• Identify determining factors of neuropsychiatric events.
• Analyze current evidence regarding disease pathways for NPSLE. (Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry)
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - January 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Clinical Challenge Source Type: research
Inflammation Subtypes and Translating Inflammation-Related Genetic Findings in Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses: A Perspective on Pathways for Treatment Stratification and Novel Therapies
Dysregulation of immunological and inflammatory processes is frequently observed in psychotic disorders. Numerous studies have examined the complex components of innate and adaptive immune processes in schizophrenia and related psychoses. Elevated inflammation in these conditions is related to neurobiological phenotypes and associated with both genetics and environmental exposures. Recent studies have utilized multivariate cytokine approaches to identify what appears to be a subset of individuals with elevated inflammation. The degree to which these findings represent a general process of dysregulated inflammation or wheth...
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - January 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research
The Effects of Peripheral Inflammation on the Brain—A Neuroimaging Perspective
In the field of neuropsychiatry, neuroinflammation is one of the prevailing hypotheses to explain the pathophysiology of mood and psychotic disorders. Neuroinflammation encompasses an ill-defined set of pathophysiological processes in the central nervous system that cause neuronal or glial atrophy or death and disruptions in neurotransmitter signaling, resulting in cognitive and behavioral changes. Positron emission tomography for the brain-based translocator protein has been shown to be a useful tool to measure glial activation in neuropsychiatric disorders. Recent neuroimaging studies also indicate a potential disruption...
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - January 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research
Brick by Brick: Building a Transdiagnostic Understanding of Inflammation in Psychiatry
Inflammatory phenomena are found in many psychiatric disorders—notably, depression, schizophrenia, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Inflammation has been linked to severity and treatment resistance, and may both contribute to, and result from, the pathophysiology of some psychiatric illnesses. Emerging research suggests that inflammation may contribute to symptom domains of reward, motor processing, and threat reactivity across different psychiatric diagnoses. Reward-processing deficits contribute to motivational impairments in depression and schizophrenia, and motor-processing deficits contribute to psychomotor slowin...
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - January 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Neuroinflammation, Early-Life Adversity, and Brain Development
The overarching objective is to review how early exposure to adversity interacts with inflammation to alter brain maturation. Both adversity and inflammation are significant risk factors for psychopathology. Literature relevant to the effects of adversity in children and adolescents on brain development is reviewed. These studies are supported by research in animals exposed to species-relevant stressors during development. While it is known that exposure to adversity at any age increases inflammation, the effects of inflammation are exacerbated at developmental stages when the immature brain is uniquely sensitive to experi...
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - January 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Prenatal and Childhood Immuno-Metabolic Risk Factors for Adult Depression and Psychosis
Depression and psychosis have a developmental component to their origin. Epidemiologic evidence, which we synthesize in this nonsystematic review, suggests that early-life infection, inflammation, and metabolic alterations could play a role in the etiology of these psychiatric disorders. The risk of depression and psychosis is associated with prenatal maternal and childhood infections, which could be mediated by impaired neurodevelopment. Evidence suggests linear dose-response associations between elevated concentrations of circulating inflammatory markers in childhood, particularly the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6,...
Source: Harvard Review of Psychiatry - January 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
