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< Review Article > Child health problems in Ethiopia
1. Global situation or child health The world population is growing at an alarming rate and particularly so in the developing nations. Over 80% of the world ' s children live in the developing world (1) where child mortality and morbidity rates are the highest. Each year about 14 million under-five children die from malnutrition and infection, i.e. , 40,000 daily or 2000 per hour, of which 98 % occur in the developing countries (1). The main causes of mortality in these countries are diarrhoeal diseases, pneumonia, perinatal and neonatal problems, measles, neonatal tetanus and malaria (Table 1), over 60% of which are preve...
Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development - October 22, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Amha Mekasha, Frew Lemma, Tesfaye Shiferaw Source Type: research

< Review Article > ORT in diarrhoea: An overview
Abstract:This paper attempts to summarize the development of ORT (Oral Rehydration Therapy) and its role as the major public health intervention for the control of diarrhoeal diseases. It also highlights the large number of scientific studies conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution). Improved ORS formulations trial including hypoosmolar solutions are described as these are areas of recent clinical studies that address the drawbacks in WHO/UNICEF ORS. However, until new ORS formulations are evaluated and implemented, the present glucose-based ORS does still save millions of lives and ne...
Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development - October 22, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: M. K Bhattacharya , Telahun Teka Source Type: research

< Brief Communication > Comparative studies on two culture methods for hookworm species identification
Abstract:Ninety stool specimens obtained from patients referred to the National Research Institute of Health and found to reveal hookworm ova were cultured using the Test Tube Filter Paper and the Charcoal methods with a view to recover and identify the third stage larvae. Infective larvae were harvested in a total of 88(97.8%) specimens, 79(87.8%) of which were detected by both methods. Only 5(5.6%) and 4(4.4%) were exclusively detected by the Test Tube and Charcoal methods, respectively. Except in one specimen where filariforms of both species (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale) were encountered, N.americanus ...
Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development - October 22, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Amha Kebede, Hussien Mohamed, Tilahun Woldemichael Source Type: research

The cercarial emergence rhythm of schistosoma mansoni in Ethiopia
Abstract:The cercarial emergence rhythm of Schistosoma mansoni from Biomphalaria pfeifferi of Ethiopia origin was studied in irrigation canals in Metehara Sugar Estate in December (1992), January and February (1993). Snails were allowed to shed cercariae individually in vials containing 2 ml of aged water and exposed to natural light between 800 hr and 1500 hr. In addition, batches of five swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) were exposed to canal water for an hour each between 800 hr and 1500 hr. The results indicate that peak cercarial emergence was between 900 hr and 1000 hr, while peak cercarial infectivity in mice was bet...
Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development - October 22, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Fekadu Abebe, Shibru Tedla Source Type: research

Transmission dynamics of Schistosoma mansoni in an irrigation setting in Ethiopia
Summary: The transmission dynamics of S. mansoni was studied in the Metehara Sugar Estate for 12 months. The prevalence of human infection ranged from 7.4% to 71.3% for 6 villages in the Estate. The infection rate was highest in the 10-14 years of age while the intensity reached peak in the 5-9 years. There were significant variations in the focality and seasonality of transmission. Biomphalaria pfeifferi which was persistent year round, was most abundant during the dry season. Absence of potable water supply and sanitary facilities, proximity to irrigation canals, and overcrowding are some of the most important factors in...
Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development - October 22, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Fekadu Abebe, Shibru Tedla, Hailu Birrie, Girmay Medhin Source Type: research

Estimation of child mortality in Addis Ababa
Abstract:Estimation of mortality level in children below the age of five may have profound impact on a number of demographic parameters. Childhood mortality data are also useful in assessing the impact of child survival programs and identifying child populations that are at risk. In March 1993 a survey was conducted to assess the child mortality rate in Addis Ababa. In the study a sample of 548 ever married women were interviewed regarding the number of children ever born, surviving and dead. A variant of the original Brass estimation procedure (Trussell ' s method) which is based on data classified by duration of marriage...
Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development - October 22, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Yared Mekonnen , Tekabe Ayalew, Amare Dejene Source Type: research

Community awareness and practice of family planning in an urban community in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Abstract:To assess community awareness and practices concerning family planning in an urban community in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, a survey was carried out in June and July 1993. Of the 536 people interviewed 332 (61.9%) had heard about family planning. The contraceptive prevalence rate in the community was 29.5%, with oral contraceptive pills being the most popular method. Contraceptive methods usage rate was observed to be significantly higher among people with permanent job (OR=1.98), among highly educated (OR=3.82) and among people with larger family size (OR=1.92) compared to the others. Health workers and radio were the...
Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development - October 22, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Yemane Berhane , David Zakus Source Type: research

Breastfeeding In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Results of a focus group study
Abstract:A large shift has been observed from breastfeeding to bottle feeding in the urban areas of developing countries. Non-optimal breastfeeding patterns are contributing to the diarrhoeal diseases and malnutrition problems in such areas. To examine the existent of non-optimal breastfeeding, to identify the segment of the population in which these practices exist, and to ultimately carry out well targeted interventions, a situation analysis study on the breastfeeding patterns of infants was undertaken in the capital city of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa. In-depth interviews and focus group discussion were used in this study. Th...
Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development - October 6, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Tigest Ketsela, Derege Kebede, Channyalew Belachew, Hanna Neka Tibeb Source Type: research

Schistosomiasis and intestinal helminthic infections in Delo Awraja, Bale administrative region south Ethiopia
Abstract:A cross-sectional survey of schistosomiasis, intestinal helminthic infections and the snail intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis was conducted in Delo Awraja, Bale Administrative Region, South Ethiopia. Of 15 accessible communities studied, the prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis exceeded 5% in five of them, reaching 48% in Meda. No S. haematobium infection was found except two imported cases diagnosed at Melkaaman at a temporary shelter for refugees returning from Somalia. Uninfected snail hosts of S. mansoni were collected from few water bodies. Other intestinal helminth parasites were also highly prevalen...
Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development - September 23, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Terefe Wodimagegnehu, Hailu Birrie, Hailu Yeneneh Source Type: research

Diarrhoea-associated parasitic infectious agents in AIDS patients within selected Addis Ababa Hospitals
Abstract:The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients with chronic diarrhea. This prevalence was compared with two control groups: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) seronegative diarrheal patients and HIV seropositive individuals without diarrhoea. Stool specimens from clinically diagnosed hospitalized AIDS patients in some hospitals in Addis Ababa were screened for parasite infection. Of 147 AIDS patients with chronic diarrhoea, 74 (50.3%) were infected with one kind or more of parasites. Out of 56 non-AIDS (seronegative) diarrhoe...
Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development - August 31, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Bitew Fisseha, Beyene Petros, Tilahun Woldemichael, Hussien Mohamed Source Type: research

Gender Inequity in Higher Education in Ethiopia
Despite their recognizable role in the political arena and resultant gender mainstreamed policies, women in Ethiopia face day-to-day obstacles to ensure gender equity, and academia is no exception. In the past few decades, higher education in Ethiopia has rapidly expanded, resulting in increased enrollment of female students and faculty employment in various academic fields. Although the progress in the sector is highly promising, ensuring gender equality has still been a significant challenge. Several studies have revealed different barriers to women ' s academic, leadership, and research participation in higher education...
Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development - August 4, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Mahlet Yigeremu, Mulumebet Zenebe, Workeabeba Abebe, Mitike Molla Sisay Source Type: research

Female Academic Career Development and Administrative Positions at Addis Ababa University: a Mixed-Method Study
Conclusion: Female faculty involvement in the university administrative position and career development is very low. Both structural and personal factors such as gender roles affected their professional enhancement in academic ranks and hence positions. Creating a conducive platform for female faculty development is recommended to increase their involvement in administrative positions. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2021; 35(SI-2):30-39]Keywords: Addis Ababa University, administrative positions, career development, female academician, female faculty (Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development)
Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development - August 2, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Berhan Tassew, Yalemwork Getnet, Adiam Nega, Etsehiwot Tilahun, Workeabeba Abebe, Meselech Roro, Mahlet Yigeremu, Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel, Bezawit Ketema, Hanna Demisse, Meron Awraris, Seble Assefa, Selamawit Girma, Meaza Gezu, Mulumebet Zenebe, Abigia Source Type: research

Experience of Research Undertaking among Women Academia at Addis Ababa University: a Qualitative Study
Conclusion: This study has indicated that women in academia had limited research engagement in terms of grant application and publication in peer reviewed scientific journals. Balancing work and family life, low salary, lack of access to common University facilities were some of the challenges. While structural change ensures gender equality at a long time, addressing the gender gap in research is the responsibility of AAU. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2021; 35(SI-2):22-29]Keywords: Addis Ababa University, experience of research, women in academia (Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development)
Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development - August 2, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Adiam Nega, Seble Assefa, Hanna Demisse, Meron Awraris, Bezawit Ketema , Berhan Tassew , Meaza Gezu, Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel, Mulumebet Zenebe, Meselech Assegid, Yalemwork Getnet, Selamawit Girma, Abigia Wondimagegnehu, Etsehiwot Tilahun, Selamawit Hir Source Type: research

Gender Difference in Research Productivity and its Associated factors in Addis Ababa University: a Cross-Sectional study
Conclusion: Female faculty were less likely to be involved in research than men counterparts. The University needs to narrow the gender gap in research by designing and implementing an appropriate intervention strategy. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2021; 35(SI-2):15-21]Keywords: Addis Ababa University, female faculty, gender difference, publication, research (Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development)
Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development - August 2, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Meselech Roro , Workeabeba Abebe, Abigia Wondimagegnehu, Adiam Nega, Selamawit Girma, Yalemwork Getnet, Berhan Tassew , Mulumebet Zenebe, Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel, Seble Assefa, Hanna Demisse, Meron Awraris, Etsehiwot Tilahun, Bezawit Ketema , Mahlet Yi Source Type: research

Women ’s Health Research Working Group: A Mentorship Model to Increase Women’s Participation in Research
Conclusion: Female-to-female mentorship had helped researchers in their early careers to publish and won grants. This could be an exemplary intervention which only requires a commitment of staff time. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2021; 35(SI-2):08-14]Keywords: Female faculty, Implementation research, Mentorship, Research working group (Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development)
Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development - August 2, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Mitike Molla Sisay, Mahlet Yigeremu, Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel, Workeabeba Abebe Source Type: research