Regaining control of your emotions? Investigating the mechanisms underlying effects of cognitive control training for remitted depressed patients.
Emotion, Vol 23(1), Feb 2023, 194-213; doi:10.1037/emo0001067Studies suggest that cognitive control training shows potential as a preventive intervention for depression. At the same time, little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying effects of cognitive control training. Informed by theoretical frameworks of cognitive risk for recurrent depression (De Raedt & Koster, 2010; Siegle et al., 2007), the current study sought to model direct effects of cognitive control training on the complex interplay between affect, emotion regulation, residual symptomatology, and resilience in a sample of remitted depressed patients (n...
Source: Emotion - February 17, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Executive functioning and nontarget emotions in late life.
Emotion, Vol 23(1), Feb 2023, 97-110; doi:10.1037/emo0000801When confronted with an emotion prototype (e.g., loss), individuals may experience not only target emotions (e.g., sadness), but also nontarget emotions (emotions that are atypical or incongruent with an emotion prototype; e.g., gratitude in response to loss). What are the cognitive correlates of nontarget emotions? Drawing from models of emotion generation, the present laboratory-based study examined associations between aspects of executive functioning (i.e., working memory, inhibition, verbal fluency) and the subjective experience of positive and negative nonta...
Source: Emotion - February 10, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Is moral disgust socially learned?
Emotion, Vol 23(1), Feb 2023, 289-301; doi:10.1037/emo0001066The present study examined mother–child talk about disgust. A total of 68 mothers and their 4-, (Mage = 55.72 months, SD = 4.13), 6- (Mage = 77.70 months, SD = 5.45), and 8- (Mage = 100.90 months, SD = 4.61) year-old children discussed four tasks relating to moral and pathogen disgust. Tasks comprised labeling facial expressions of emotions, generating items that would make participants disgusted or angry, identifying moral and pathogen transgressions as either causing anger or disgust, and finally rating the degree to which moral and pathogen transgressions we...
Source: Emotion - February 7, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Evil joy is hard to share: Negative affect attenuates interpersonal capitalizing on immoral deeds.
Emotion, Vol 23(1), Feb 2023, 230-242; doi:10.1037/emo0001045Capitalization is an interpersonal process in which individuals (capitalizers) communicate their accomplishments to others (responders). When these attempts to capitalize are met with enthusiastic responses, individuals reap greater personal and social benefits from the accomplishment. This research integrated the interpersonal model of capitalization with moral foundations theory to examine whether accomplishments achieved through immoral (vs. moral) means disrupt the interpersonal processes of capitalization. We hypothesized that an accomplishment achieved thro...
Source: Emotion - February 7, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A meta-analytic review of the effectiveness of mood inductions in eliciting emotion-based behavioral risk-taking and craving in the laboratory.
Emotion, Vol 23(1), Feb 2023, 214-229; doi:10.1037/emo0001062Urgency research supports the role of emotions in risk-taking and craving. However, much of this work is based in self-report. It is not yet known whether existing experimental methods can effectively induce emotion-based risk-taking and craving. The present meta-analysis quantified the effectiveness of mood inductions in inducing risk-taking and craving in the laboratory. We also examined potential moderators, including participant factors, changes in emotional arousal, and study design factors. For negative mood inductions, the degree of changes in risk-taking,...
Source: Emotion - February 7, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The variably intense vocalizations of affect and emotion (VIVAE) corpus prompts new perspective on nonspeech perception.
The human voice is a potent source of information to signal emotion. Nonspeech vocalizations (e.g., laughter, crying, moans, or screams), in particular, can elicit compelling affective experiences. Consensus exists that the emotional intensity of such expressions matters; however how intensity affects such signals, and their perception remains controversial and poorly understood. One reason is the lack of appropriate data sets. We have developed a comprehensive stimulus set of nonverbal vocalizations, the first corpus to represent emotion intensity from one extreme to the other, in order to resolve the empirically underdet...
Source: Emotion - February 7, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Personality and the accurate perception of facial emotion expressions: What is accuracy and how does it matter?
Research into Emotion Decoding Accuracy (EDA) has revealed limited associations with personality. One possible reason could be the neglect of social context influences on the perception of emotions, which is problematic given the interplay of personality with social context. We propose a novel way to understand accuracy in emotion perception, which includes social context and the distinction between accuracy (perceiving the intended emotions) and inaccuracy (perceiving additional emotions to those expressed). In seven studies that utilized three methods, we found that personality traits that tap the social domain, consiste...
Source: Emotion - January 31, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Emotion words link faces to emotional scenarios in early childhood.
Recent theories have suggested that emotion words may facilitate the development of emotion concepts. The present study investigates whether emotion words affect children’s performance on an emotion category learning task. Across two experiments, 72 three-year-old children (49 female) were asked to identify which emotional face best matched particular emotional scenarios during nine pretest and nine posttest trials. The scenarios in the present studies aligned with emotions typically learned among older age groups (annoyed, disgusted, and nervous). Between pretest and posttest, children participated in training in which ...
Source: Emotion - January 27, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Soundtrack to the social world: Emotional music enhances empathy, compassion, and prosocial decisions but not theory of mind.
Music is a human universal and has the ability to evoke powerful, genuine emotions. But does music influence our capacity to understand and feel with others? A growing body of evidence indicates that empathy (sharing another’s feelings) and compassion (a feeling of concern toward others) are behaviorally and neutrally distinct, both from each other and from the social–cognitive process theory of mind (ToM; i.e., inferring others’ mental states). Yet little is known as to whether and how these dissociable routes to feeling with and understanding others can be independently modulated. The goal of the current study was ...
Source: Emotion - January 27, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Emotionally intelligent people show more flexible regulation of emotions in daily life.
Emotion regulation strategies have been characterized as adaptive or maladaptive; however, the ability to switch strategies to best suit the situation (regulatory flexibility and adaptability) underlies effective emotion regulation. Emotional intelligence may be a key capacity that enables flexible emotion regulation. We use experience sampling data from 165 participants to test whether emotional intelligence abilities (emotion understanding and management) predict variability in four emotion regulation strategies. Results show that both the emotion understanding and emotion management branches of emotional intelligence si...
Source: Emotion - January 24, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Horror, fear, and moral disgust are differentially elicited by different types of harm.
Witnessing or experiencing extreme and incomprehensible harm elicits an intense emotional response that is often called “horror.” Although traditional emotion taxonomies have categorized horror as a subtype of fear and/or disgust, recent empirical work has indicated that horror is a distinct emotion category (Cowen & Keltner, 2017). However, exactly how horror is different from fear and disgust has remained unclear. The current studies represent the first empirical attempt to clarify how horror is distinct from fear and moral disgust. Results indicated that these emotions are elicited by different aspects of harm: horr...
Source: Emotion - January 24, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Tears do not influence competence in general, but only under specific circumstances: A systematic investigation across 41 countries.
Research on the effect of emotional tears on perceived competence has yielded an inconsistent pattern of findings, with some studies showing that tearful individuals may be perceived as less competent, while others report no such effect. These mixed results point to the likely existence of third variables influencing the link between tears and perceived competence and suggest that crying may affect competence only in specific circumstances. In the current project, we reexamine this link using a large, openly available dataset of responses to tearful faces collected across 41 countries and 7,007 participants (Zickfeld et al...
Source: Emotion - January 24, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Motivational salience, not valence, modulates time perception.
It has been argued that cognitive processes such as attention and memory are influenced by motivational salience (high or low predictability of an outcome) rather than valance or value (gain or loss). However, whether this holds for subjective time perception remains unclear. To investigate this, a two-phase study was conducted. First, in a value learning task, a set of neutral faces was imbued with different levels of motivational salience (high or low) crossed with two levels of value (gain, loss). Thus, a specific face could acquire, for example, high motivational salience and low value by repeatedly signaling an 80% ch...
Source: Emotion - January 24, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Children’s decoding of emotional prosody in four languages.
This study examined the decoding of four emotions (happy, sad, surprise, angry) conveyed with speech prosody in four languages (English, Chinese, French, Spanish) by American and Chinese children at 3 to 5 years of age—an age range when the ability to decode emotional prosody in one’s native language emerges but remains fragile. Chinese and American children could decode the emotional meaning of speech prosody in both familiar and unfamiliar languages as young as 3 years old. Performance did not differ across the four languages used—a finding observed in both American and Chinese children. Thus, the in-group advantag...
Source: Emotion - January 10, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Sharing joy increases joy: Group membership modulates emotional perception of facial expressions.
When we judge someone’s emotional expressions, we often consider the emotions of other people who are present in the same social context. Using a psychophysical method, we estimated the influence of the emotions of contextual faces on the emotional perception of an individual face. Particularly, we hypothesize that a shift in the perceptual judgment occurs when the target individual and others share a Group Membership. To test this hypothesis, we generated artificial images of two sports teams and asked participants to first judge the outcome of the game (win/loss for Experiment 1; win/loss/draw for Experiment 2) by look...
Source: Emotion - January 10, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
