The interplay between music engagement and affect: A random-intercept cross-lagged panel analysis.
Emotion, Vol 24(3), Apr 2024, 562-573; doi:10.1037/emo0001279Engagement with music has the capacity to influence and be influenced by affective experiences. Although cross-sectional and experimental research provides evidence that music engagement is related to higher positive and lower negative affect, few studies have investigated the bidirectional nature of this relationship over time. The present longitudinal study, therefore, examined the interplay between passive and active music engagement and affect using random-intercept cross-lagged panel analysis. Over 8 weeks in 2022, 428 participants regularly engaging with mu...
Source: Emotion - September 7, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Working life as a double-edged sword: Opposing changes in subjective well-being surrounding the transition to work and retirement.
Emotion, Vol 24(3), Apr 2024, 551-561; doi:10.1037/emo0001290The work role is crucial for one’s identity and subjective well-being. From a role enhancement perspective, subjective well-being might increase after the transition to work and decrease after retirement. From a role strain perspective, the opposite might be true. Thus, entering and leaving working life might have benefits and costs, leading to improvements in some but impairments in other well-being indicators. To test these assumptions, we examined short- and long-term changes in life satisfaction, happiness, sadness, anxiety, and anger in the 5 years before ...
Source: Emotion - September 4, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Instructional learning of threat-related attentional capture is modulated by state anxiety.
Emotion, Vol 24(2), Mar 2024, 531-537; doi:10.1037/emo0001291The present study aimed to determine whether persistent threat-related attentional capture can result from instructional learning, when participants acquire knowledge of the aversive qualities of a stimulus through verbal instruction. Fifty-four nonclinical adults first performed a visual search task in which a green or red circle was presented as a target. They were instructed that one of these two colors might be paired with an electric shock if they responded slowly or inaccurately, whereas the other color was never associated with shock. However, no shocks we...
Source: Emotion - August 31, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Valence explains how and why positive affects and negative affects correlate: A conceptual replication and extension of Diener et al.’s (1995) the personality structure of affect.
We report the results of a conceptual replication study that addressed several limitations of Diener et al.’s (1995) study. We used three ethnically diverse samples which included a group of undergraduates along with both of their biological parents. As such, in terms of generalizability, we improved upon the original study which was limited to a student sample by also including middle-aged adults as targets. Most importantly, we included measures of hedonic tone to validate the interpretation of the higher-order factors as positive affect and negative affect. Also, we did not average informant ratings to model individua...
Source: Emotion - August 31, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Pathogens or promiscuity? Testing two accounts of the relation between disgust sensitivity and binding moral values.
Emotion, Vol 24(2), Mar 2024, 465-478; doi:10.1037/emo0001280A recurrent observation in the field of moral psychology is that disgust sensitivity is associated with greater moralization of the binding (and particularly sanctity) moral domains. It is generally assumed that these effects are the result of disgust’s role as an emotion that motivates pathogen avoidance (i.e., the pathogen avoidance account), yet alternative disgust-based accounts of moralization, namely those grounded in sexual avoidance (i.e., the promiscuity avoidance account), might also explain these observations. Across two studies (total N = 2,718), in...
Source: Emotion - August 31, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Does interpersonal emotion regulation effort pay off?
Emotion, Vol 24(2), Mar 2024, 345-356; doi:10.1037/emo0001289Interpersonal emotion regulation shapes people’s emotional and relational experiences. Yet, researchers know little about the regulation processes that influence these outcomes. Recent works in the intrapersonal emotion regulation space suggest that motivational strength, or effort, people invest in regulation might be the answer. We applied this motivated approach for the first time in the interpersonal space—looking at both intrinsic and extrinsic forms of interpersonal emotion regulation—in order to identify the potential emotional and relational outcome...
Source: Emotion - August 31, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Emotional experiences and psychological well-being in 51 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Emotion, Vol 24(2), Mar 2024, 397-411; doi:10.1037/emo0001235The COVID-19 pandemic presents challenges to psychological well-being, but how can we predict when people suffer or cope during sustained stress? Here, we test the prediction that specific types of momentary emotional experiences are differently linked to psychological well-being during the pandemic. Study 1 used survey data collected from 24,221 participants in 51 countries during the COVID-19 outbreak. We show that, across countries, well-being is linked to individuals’ recent emotional experiences, including calm, hope, anxiety, loneliness, and sadness. Cons...
Source: Emotion - August 24, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The importance of differentiating between cold and hot response inhibition in the parenting context, when examining associations with harsh parenting.
Emotion, Vol 24(2), Mar 2024, 370-383; doi:10.1037/emo0001267Harsh parenting (HP) entails physical and verbal expressions of anger and aggression toward children, usually observed as response to child negative emotionality. Abundant previous research has indicated the detrimental negative impacts of HP on children’s developing behavioral, cognitive social, and emotional capacities, highlighting the need for examining its determinants. Among other determinants, previous research has suggested the importance of parents’ cognitive regulatory capacity for inhibiting inappropriate behavioral responses (response inhibition; ...
Source: Emotion - August 24, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Gratitude improves parents’ well-being and family functioning.
In this study, expressing gratitude predicted greater well-being and family functioning 1 week later via increases in positive emotions. Notably, across both studies neither felt nor expressed gratitude referred to one’s children; however, the results of our studies suggest that gratitude in general improves parent–child relationships and family well-being. This work provides insights regarding ways to improve parents’ well-being without requiring greater effort, energy, or attention to one’s children, and it suggests that promoting parents’ gratitude in general may benefit the entire family. (PsycInfo Database R...
Source: Emotion - August 24, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Fear-related psychophysiological patterns are situation and individual dependent: A Bayesian model comparison approach.
Emotion, Vol 24(2), Mar 2024, 506-521; doi:10.1037/emo0001265Is there a universal mapping of physiology to emotion, or do these mappings vary substantially by person or situation? Psychologists, philosophers, and neuroscientists have debated this question for decades. Most previous studies have focused on differentiating emotions on the basis of accompanying autonomic responses using analytical approaches that often assume within-category homogeneity. In the present study, we took an alternative approach to this question. We determined the extent to which the relationship between subjective experience and autonomic reactiv...
Source: Emotion - August 21, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
See no evil: Attentional bias toward threat is diminished in aged monkeys.
Emotion, Vol 24(2), Mar 2024, 303-315; doi:10.1037/emo0001276Prior evidence demonstrates that relative to younger adults, older human adults exhibit attentional biases toward positive and/or away from negative socioaffective stimuli (i.e., the age-related positivity effect). Whether or not the effect is phylogenetically conserved is currently unknown and its biopsychosocial origins are debated. To address this gap, we evaluated how visual processing of socioaffective stimuli differs in aged, compared to middle-aged, rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) using eye tracking in two experimental designs that are directly comparable ...
Source: Emotion - August 21, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Genetic algorithms reveal identity independent representation of emotional expressions.
In this study, we ask whether people’s unique beliefs of how emotions should be reflected in facial expressions depend on the identity of the face. To do this, we employed a genetic algorithm where participants created facial expressions to represent different emotions. Participants generated facial expressions of anger, fear, happiness, and sadness, on two different identities. Facial features were controlled by manipulating a set of weights, allowing us to probe the exact positions of faces in high-dimensional expression space. We found that participants created facial expressions belonging to each identity in a simila...
Source: Emotion - August 10, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The influence of interactions with pet dogs on psychological distress.
In this study, dog owners (N = 73; 86.3% female, 13.7% male; age 25–77 years) underwent a stress-inducing task followed by random assignment to either (a) interacting with their dog (n = 24), (b) an expectancy control (n = 25; “stress-reducing” coloring books), or (c) a waiting control (n = 24). We compared the effects of each condition on affect and state anxiety. Participants assigned to the dog interaction showed greater increases in positive affect, as well as greater reductions in anxiety compared to both expectancy and waiting controls (ds> 0.72, ps (Source: Emotion)
Source: Emotion - August 10, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
How can I help?: Specific strategies used in interpersonal emotion regulation in a relationship context.
Emotion, Vol 24(2), Mar 2024, 329-344; doi:10.1037/emo0001272Most emotion regulation research investigates how individuals manage their own emotions but in everyday life, emotion regulation often takes place in an interpersonal context—that is, through the intervention of others, especially close relationship partners. In this manuscript, we describe a 2-week daily diary study of 197 couples, in which we examined the nature and effectiveness of partners’ attempts at interpersonal emotion regulation. Organized around the extended process model of emotion regulation (Gross, 2015), we examined the frequency and perceived ...
Source: Emotion - August 10, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Facial emotion recognition in refugee children with a history of war trauma.
Emotion, Vol 24(2), Mar 2024, 479-494; doi:10.1037/emo0001264Over 36 million children are currently displaced due to war, yet we know little about how these experiences of war and displacement affect their socioemotional development—notably how they perceive facial expressions. Across three different experiments, we investigated the effects of war trauma exposure on facial emotion recognition in Syrian refugee (n = 130, Mage = 9.3 years, 63 female) and Jordanian nonrefugee children (n = 148, Mage = 9.4 years, 66 female) living in Jordan (data collected 2019–2020). Children in the two groups differed in trauma exposure,...
Source: Emotion - August 3, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
