No one is an island: Awe encourages global citizenship identification.
Emotion, Vol 23(3), Apr 2023, 601-612; doi:10.1037/emo0001160Recent theorizing has suggested that awe is a collective emotion, as research has demonstrated a clear link between experiencing awe and behaving prosocially. The present research extends past work by investigating the scope and sources of awe-inspired prosociality, focusing on whether awe’s effects extend beyond local/national interests to include global or humanitarian goals. Specifically, we examine how by increasing feelings of smallness, awe encourages a sense of global citizenship, promoting cosmopolitan (vs. parochial) prosociality. Four experiments foun...
Source: Emotion - September 8, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Mothers’ and fathers’ reflective functioning and its association with parenting behaviors and cortisol reactivity during a conflict interaction with their adolescent children.
Emotion, Vol 23(4), Jun 2023, 1160-1174; doi:10.1037/emo0001113We assessed parental reflective functioning (PRF) with the Parent Development Interview—Revised and investigated its association with parenting behaviors, that is, autonomy support and psychological control (operationalized in terms of behaviors promoting and undermining autonomy relatedness), and stress responses (cortisol reactivity) during a parent–child conflict interaction task (Family Interaction Task). Participants were 40 mothers and 28 fathers, who took part in the study together with their adolescent children (N = 49). Mothers had significantly lo...
Source: Emotion - September 5, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Individual patterns of visual exploration predict the extent of fear generalization in humans.
Emotion, Vol 23(5), Aug 2023, 1267-1280; doi:10.1037/emo0001134Generalization of fear is considered an important mechanism contributing to the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. Although previous studies have identified the importance of stimulus discrimination for fear generalization, it is still unclear to what degree overt attention to relevant stimulus features might mediate its magnitude. To test the prediction that visual preferences for distinguishing stimulus aspects are associated with reduced fear generalization, we developed a set of facial stimuli that was meticulously manipulated such that pairs of...
Source: Emotion - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Who disengages from emotion and when? An EMA study of how urgency and distress intolerance relate to daily emotion regulation.
Emotion, Vol 23(4), Jun 2023, 1102-1114; doi:10.1037/emo0001152Overreliance on disengagement emotion regulation strategies (e.g., emotion avoidance, emotion suppression) has been shown to relate to poor clinical outcomes. Two traits characterized by difficulties in goal-directed responses to emotion—urgency and distress intolerance—may help explain who is likely to disengage from emotion and when. These traits are associated with diverse forms of psychopathology and greater reliance on disengagement strategies. Gaps remain about how these traits relate to emotion regulation in daily life. The present study uses ecologi...
Source: Emotion - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Interpersonal emotion regulation flexibility: Effects on affect in daily life.
This study is the first to integrate these two emerging areas of research and to apply the two main theories of ER flexibility to investigate the effect of IER flexibility on negative and positive affect. A sample of 384 adults (Mage = 38.58 years, SD = 13.82) residing predominantly in North America completed this 14-day daily diary study. As expected, greater repertoire and greater responsivity to feedback were associated with more adaptive affective outcomes (i.e., less negative affect and/or more positive affect). However, unexpected findings also emerged: Greater context sensitivity did not significantly predict affect...
Source: Emotion - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Low heart rate variability is associated with a negativity valence bias in interpreting ambiguous emotional expressions.
Emotion, Vol 23(4), Jun 2023, 1040-1047; doi:10.1037/emo0001123Most people tend to overstate positive aspects of their experiences, that is, a positive valence bias. However, some people tend to have attenuated attention for negative aspects of perceived information, that is, negative valence bias. This dispositional tendency in either valence is especially significant for emotion regulation as it influences the intensity of later stages of emotional experiences. Heart rate variability (HRV) is used as an index of emotion regulation and for the effect dispositional valence bias has on social cognition. The aim of the curre...
Source: Emotion - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Do cues of infectious disease shape people’s affective responses to social exclusion?
Emotion, Vol 23(4), Jun 2023, 997-1010; doi:10.1037/emo0001157Social exclusion triggers aversive reactions (e.g., increased negative affect), but being excluded may bring substantial benefits by reducing pathogen exposure associated with social interactions. Is exclusion less aversive when cues of infectious diseases are salient in the environment? We conducted two preregistered experiments with a 2 (belonging status: included vs. excluded) × 2 (disease salience: low vs. high) design, using scenarios (Study 1, N = 347) and a well-validated exclusion paradigm, Cyberball (Study 2, N = 519). Positive affect and negative affe...
Source: Emotion - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Shades of expansiveness: Postural expression of dominance, high-arousal positive affect, and warmth.
Emotion, Vol 23(4), Jun 2023, 973-985; doi:10.1037/emo0001146In addition to the face, bodily posture plays an important role in communicating affective states. Postural expansion—how much space the body takes up—has been much studied as expressing and signaling dominance and pride. The present research aimed to expand research on the range of affect dimensions and affect-laden personality characteristics that are expressed via expansiveness, investigating specific forms of expansiveness and their interactions with other postural elements (e.g., arm position). Using an innovative expression-production method, Study 1 (N...
Source: Emotion - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Episodic memory through a social and emotional lens.
This study examines how social information contributes to or interacts with emotion to influence item and associative memory, and whether gender plays a role in how social and/or emotional information is recognized. Discovery and replication samples (N = 706) were recruited. Stimuli included (1) images with varying social and emotional content categorized into four conditions: negative social, negative nonsocial, neutral social, neutral nonsocial and (2) neutral images of objects paired with target stimuli to assess associative memory. Participants viewed the image pairings (Encoding). Twenty-four hours later, item and ass...
Source: Emotion - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Emotion dynamics among preadolescents getting to know each other: Dyadic associations with shyness.
We examined how shyness and dyadic similarity in shyness influence children’s moment-to-moment dyadic emotion sequences with a new peer. Thirty age- and gender-matched dyads (Mage = 10.13 years, 75.8% White) were observed during an unstructured “getting to know you” task. Children’s shyness was assessed through parent- and child-report. Using grid-sequence analysis (Brinberg et al., 2017) we identified three dyadic emotion clusters: Flexible and Shared Positive Affect (60%), Flexible and Shared Neutral Affect (35%), and Stable and Shared Negative Affect (17%). Children in the Stable and Shared Negative Affect clust...
Source: Emotion - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Variation in bittersweet nostalgic feelings and their divergent effects on daily well-being.
Emotion, Vol 23(4), Jun 2023, 937-948; doi:10.1037/emo0001137Experimental manipulations of nostalgia that privilege positive aspects of the bittersweet emotion have led to the conclusion that nostalgia is a predominantly positive emotion, yet nostalgia covaries negatively with well-being in daily life. To reconcile this discrepancy, we developed and tested the bittersweet variation model of nostalgia that posits that (a) nostalgic feelings vary not only in intensity but also in valence (i.e., how bitter or sweet a nostalgic feeling is); (b) daily events influence the valence of nostalgic feelings; and (c) nostalgia’s val...
Source: Emotion - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The role of emotion regulation and choice repetition bias in the ultimatum game.
Emotion, Vol 23(4), Jun 2023, 925-936; doi:10.1037/emo0001167Social decision-making is commonly explored in the context of adult responder behavior in the ultimatum game. Responder behavior in the game has been proposed to be the consequence of two competing systems that control behavior: an affective system, which promotes an emotional response to unfair offers, and a deliberative system, which instead encourages a rational response to maximize in-game gains. In a secondary analysis of ultimatum game data in children and adolescents (N = 429), the present study demonstrated that trial-level metrics of responder behavior w...
Source: Emotion - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A psychological flexibility perspective on well-being: Emotional reactivity, adaptive choices, and daily experiences.
Emotion, Vol 23(4), Jun 2023, 911-924; doi:10.1037/emo0001159According to psychological flexibility theory, fully experiencing one’s emotions, even when they involve negative reactions, can enhance psychological well-being. In pursuit of this possibility, procedures capable of disentangling reaction intensities from reaction durations, in response to affective images, were developed and variations of this paradigm were applied in understanding variations in happiness and adaptive behavior. Consistent with psychological flexibility theory, three studies showed that more intense emotional reactions, irrespective of valence...
Source: Emotion - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Specific emotion and momentary emotion regulation in adolescence and early adulthood.
Emotion, Vol 23(4), Jun 2023, 1011-1027; doi:10.1037/emo0001127Emotion regulation (ER) is an important factor in resilience and overall well-being throughout development, and youth report increased variation in emotion and capacity for regulation across adolescence and early adulthood. Specific emotions may be associated with the use of different ER strategies, but much evidence exclusively collapses across negative and positive affect or may not reflect the daily experience of emotion and emotion regulation. The present study examined associations between the experience of unique positive and negative emotions and the use...
Source: Emotion - August 25, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Emotional distraction and facilitation across sense and time.
Emotion, Vol 23(4), Jun 2023, 1088-1101; doi:10.1037/emo0001138Emotional stimuli can disrupt or enhance task performance according to factors that are presently poorly understood. One potentially important determinant is the sensory modality involved. In unimodal visual paradigms (visual task-irrelevant stimuli during a visual task) emotional stimuli frequently produce distraction effects; however, the effects across modalities appear more complex and may also depend on factors related to stimulus timing. It is entirely unclear how task-irrelevant visual stimuli impact auditory task performance in cross-modal paradigms. Th...
Source: Emotion - August 18, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
