Correction to “Emotional context and predictability in naturalistic reading aloud” by Alexander and Buzzell (2023).
This study sought to extend current knowledge one step further, beyond stand-alone sentences or sentence pairs, by investigating how word frequency and lexical valence, along with their interactions, influence oral reading performance for multisentence stimuli in a naturalistic context. Lexical features were averaged over short passages of text, which were presented to participants on-screen simultaneously, and performance was assessed as reading speed, in words per second. Overall, we find that the same patterns emerge for multisentence oral reading as in the prior literature: strong frequency effects that benefit higher-...
Source: Emotion - April 11, 2024 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Four best-practice recommendations for improving the conceptualization and operationalization of motivational intensity: Reply to Kaczmarek and Harmon-Jones.
Emotion, Vol 24(1), Feb 2024, 299-302; doi:10.1037/emo0001292Replies to the comments made by Kaczmarek and Harmon-Jones (see record 2024-44184-002) on the current authors original article (see record 2021-21096-001). Kaczmarek and Harmon-Jones (2023) provide a commentary on our original empirical piece, does motivational intensity exist distinct from valence and arousal? (Campbell et al., 2021). In this response, we articulate the motivation behind our work, including the major issues with the conceptualization and operationalization of motivational intensity in prior literature. For example, while motivational intensity w...
Source: Emotion - January 15, 2024 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Motivational intensity and valence are married, but they are not the same person: Commentary on Campbell et al. (2021).
We present arguments that their conclusion was based on inadequate evidence. First, we explain how high correlation fails to identify meaningful and consistent affective states where motivational intensity is essential. As a counterargument, we present replicated and cumulative empirical evidence of differences between affective states with equal valence and arousal but different motivational intensities such as desire or enthusiasm versus amusement. Second, we emphasize that correlations do not account for relative differences between valence and motivational intensity levels (which we termed undermotivated and overmotiva...
Source: Emotion - January 15, 2024 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Inaugural editorial.
Emotion, Vol 24(1), Feb 2024, 1; doi:10.1037/emo0001326Eisenberger's primary goal as editor-in-chief is to continue to showcase the best work in the field of affective science while also: (a) increasing Emotion’s prominence in the field by promoting cutting-edge research and (b) streamlining the review process to better reflect the importance and timeliness of the published science. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Emotion)
Source: Emotion - January 15, 2024 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
What a relief! The pleasure of threat avoidance.
Emotion, Vol 24(3), Apr 2024, 539-550; doi:10.1037/emo0001312Relief, a pleasurable experience, is often triggered by successful threat avoidance. Although relief is regarded as the positive reinforcer for avoidance behavior, its rewarding nature remains to be demonstrated. In our study, 50 participants responded to cues associated with different magnitudes of monetary values or electrical stimuli. Successful responses to those cues resulted in monetary gains (i.e., rewards) or omissions of electrical stimulation (i.e., relief), followed by a pleasantness rating scale. We also measured physiological arousal via skin conduct...
Source: Emotion - November 16, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The effect of reward prediction errors on subjective affect depends on outcome valence and decision context.
Emotion, Vol 24(3), Apr 2024, 894-911; doi:10.1037/emo0001310The valence of an individual’s emotional response to an event is often thought to depend on their prior expectations for the event: better-than-expected outcomes produce positive affect and worse-than-expected outcomes produce negative affect. In recent years, this hypothesis has been instantiated within influential computational models of subjective affect that assume the valence of affect is driven by reward prediction errors. However, there remain a number of open questions regarding this association. In this project, we investigated the moderating effects o...
Source: Emotion - November 13, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Social dynamics and affect: Investigating within-person associations in daily life using experience sampling and mobile sensing.
Emotion, Vol 24(3), Apr 2024, 878-893; doi:10.1037/emo0001309Social interactions are crucial to affective well-being. Still, people vary interindividually and intraindividually in their social needs. Social need regulation theories state that mismatches between momentary social desire and actual social contact result in lowered affect, yet empirical knowledge about this dynamic regulation is limited. In a gender- and age-heterogenous sample, German-speaking participants (N = 306, 51% women, Mage = 39.41, range 18–80 years) answered up to 20 momentary questionnaires about social interactions and affect while mobile sensin...
Source: Emotion - November 2, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Perceived responses, capitalization, and daily gratitude: Do age and closeness matter?
Emotion, Vol 24(3), Apr 2024, 867-877; doi:10.1037/emo0001301Successful capitalization and feelings of gratitude are both dependent upon perceived responsiveness of a social partner, but they are understudied in combination and have yet to be studied jointly in a daily context. Taking a new approach to studying capitalization, the current study examines the effect of daily capitalization on momentary gratitude and investigates the role of the capitalizer’s typical perceived responses to capitalization attempts (PRCA) on daily gratitude and future capitalization attempts. Age and social closeness are studied as amplifiers...
Source: Emotion - October 16, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Integrating mindfulness into the extended process model of emotion regulation: The dual-mode model of mindful emotion regulation.
Emotion, Vol 24(3), Apr 2024, 847-866; doi:10.1037/emo0001308Extensive research has been conducted regarding how people manage their emotions. Within this research, there has been growing attention toward the role of mindfulness in emotion regulation. While prior reviews have discussed mindfulness in the context of emotion regulation, they have not provided a thorough integration using the prevailing models of emotion regulation or mindfulness. The present review discusses the Extended Process Model of Emotion Regulation and Monitoring and Acceptance Theory of mindfulness in order to propose a novel integrated framework, t...
Source: Emotion - October 16, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Social microclimates and well-being.
Emotion, Vol 24(3), Apr 2024, 836-846; doi:10.1037/emo0001277Emotional well-being has a known relationship with a person’s direct social ties, including friendships; but do ambient social and emotional features of the local community also play a role? This work takes advantage of university students’ assignment to different local networks—or “social microclimates”—to probe this question. Using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression, we quantify the collective impact of individual, social network, and microclimate factors on the emotional well-being of a cohort of first-year college s...
Source: Emotion - October 12, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Emotionally expressive interdependence in Latin America: Triangulating through a comparison of three cultural zones.
Emotion, Vol 24(3), Apr 2024, 820-835; doi:10.1037/emo0001302Evidence suggests that Latin Americans display elevated levels of emotional expressivity and positivity. Here, we tested whether Latin Americans possess a unique form of interdependence called expressive interdependence, characterized by the open expression of positive emotions related to social engagement (e.g., feelings of closeness to others). In Study 1, we compared Latin Americans from Chile and Mexico with European Americans in the United States, a group known to be highly independent. Latin Americans expressed positive socially engaging emotions, particula...
Source: Emotion - October 12, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Emotion language use in narratives of the 9/11 attacks predicts long-term memory.
Emotion, Vol 24(3), Apr 2024, 808-819; doi:10.1037/emo0001287Despite considerable cognitive neuroscience research demonstrating that emotions can influence the encoding and consolidation of memory, research has failed to demonstrate a relationship between self-reported ratings of emotions collected soon after a traumatic event and memory for the event over time. This secondary analysis of data from a multisite longitudinal study of memories of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, asked the question of whether emotional language use could predict memory over time. In the 2 weeks following the 9/11 attacks, participants...
Source: Emotion - October 12, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Affective forecasting as an adaptive learning process.
Emotion, Vol 24(3), Apr 2024, 795-807; doi:10.1037/emo0001303Theories propose that human affective forecasting is an adaptive learning process guided by prediction errors. Although this learning process can be formally described by a Kalman filter, human forecasts are suggested to be biased and computationally suboptimal. We compared the accuracy of human affective forecasts to statistical forecasts made using a Kalman filter and explored the differences between these two processes. Participants (from the general population) repeatedly rated current levels of affect and forecasted levels of affect that they would experienc...
Source: Emotion - October 12, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Evaluating dynamics in affect structure with latent Markov factor analysis.
This study uses latent Markov factor analysis (LMFA) to study what affect structures underlie individuals’ responses, how individuals transition between structures, and whether their individual transition patterns differ. Moreover, we explore whether the intensity of negative events and the personality trait neuroticism relate to momentary transitions and individual differences in transition patterns, respectively. Applying LMFA to experience sampling data (N = 153; age: mean = 22; SD = 7.1; range = 17–66), we identified two affect structures—one with three and one with four dimensions. The main difference was the pr...
Source: Emotion - October 12, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
What makes a word a good representative of the category of “emotion���? The role of feelings and interoception.
Emotion, Vol 24(3), Apr 2024, 745-758; doi:10.1037/emo0001300The words we use to describe emotions vary in terms of prototypicality; that is, some of these words may be more representative of the semantic category of emotion than others (e.g., anger refers more clearly to an emotion than boredom). Based on a multicomponential conception of emotions, the aim of the present study was to examine the contribution of several variables to emotion prototypicality. Some of those variables are related to the distinct components of emotions: evaluation, action, body expression, internal body sensations (interoception), and feelings....
Source: Emotion - September 28, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
