"Emotional distractor images disrupt target processing in a graded manner": Correction.
Reports an error in "Emotional distractor images disrupt target processing in a graded manner" by Jonathan M. Keefe and David H. Zald (Emotion, Advanced Online Publication, Aug 27, 2020, np). In the article “Emotional Distractor Images Disrupt Target Processing in a Graded Manner” by Jonathan M. Keefe and David H. Zald (Emotion, advance online publication, August 27, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000893), there were errors in the reporting of nonresponse rate and accuracy data. Nonresponse rate was underreported for the data in the Lag 2 condition, resulting in incorrect analysis of variance values for this portion...
Source: Emotion - May 26, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Angry and happy expressions affect forward gait initiation only when task relevant.
Emotion, Vol 23(2), Mar 2023, 387-399; doi:10.1037/emo0001112Whole-body movements represent an ecologically valid model for assessing the effect of emotional stimuli valence on approach/avoidance reactions as they entail a change of the physical distance between such stimuli and the self. However, research in this field has provided inconsistent results as the task relevance of the emotional content of the stimuli was not properly controlled, and very often, it is impossible to dissociate the effect of arousal from that of valence. To overcome these limitations, we studied the effect of facial emotional expressions (anger ...
Source: Emotion - May 19, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Emotion regulation in everyday life: Mapping global self-reports to daily processes.
Emotion, Vol 23(2), Mar 2023, 357-374; doi:10.1037/emo0001097Recent theory conceptualizes emotion regulation as occurring across three stages: (a) identifying the need to regulate, (b) selecting a strategy, and (c) implementing that strategy to modify emotions. Yet, measurement of emotion regulation has not kept pace with these theoretical advances. In particular, widely used global self-report questionnaires are often assumed to index people’s typical strategy selection tendencies. However, it is unclear how well global self-reports capture individual differences in strategy selection and/or whether they may also index ...
Source: Emotion - May 19, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Reappraisal and mentalizing: Perceived difficulty and effects on negative emotion.
In this study, we investigated whether engaging in mentalizing during reappraisal, an emotion regulation strategy, would lead to greater changes in affect and reduce the perceived difficulty of reappraisal. We trained participants to reappraise negative pictures through reinterpretation. For some trials, participants generated reappraisals as they would for themselves, while for others, they mentalized, generating reappraisals while taking the perspective of a specific, close friend viewing the pictures. Participants rated their own negative affect and the perceived difficulty of reappraisal both online (i.e., during the t...
Source: Emotion - May 19, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Anxiety-linked impairment in the ability to recode stimuli.
Emotion, Vol 23(3), Apr 2023, 814-824; doi:10.1037/emo0001093It has been proposed that elevated trait anxiety is associated with deficits in cognitive flexibility, which is required to enable people to switch between different ways of classifying information. Recent research has focused on a particular facet of cognitive flexibility that may be specifically impaired in high trait anxious individuals. This concerns the ability to recode stimulus information that has initially been categorized in terms of 1 stimulus dimension, in terms of an alternative dimension. However, limitations in previously employed assessment method...
Source: Emotion - May 12, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Executive functions predict the trajectories of rumination in middle-aged and older adults: A latent growth curve analysis.
We examined the impact of EF on the trajectory of rumination across 8 days using latent growth curve analysis. We also examined age as a moderator using a latent interaction term in our structural equation model. Higher executive functioning predicted lower levels of baseline rumination and faster rates of decline in rumination over time, which reflect the successful regulation of maladaptive rumination. The age x EF interaction term was not significant, indicating that the impact of EF on the trajectory of rumination was not modulated by age. Our study offers new insights into the cognitive underpinnings of rumination and...
Source: Emotion - May 12, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Momentary emotion regulation strategy use and success: Testing the influences of emotion intensity and habitual strategy use.
Emotion, Vol 23(2), Mar 2023, 375-386; doi:10.1037/emo0001074Successful emotion regulation (ER) is important for a wide range of psychosocial outcomes. Specific ER strategies have been identified as being more or less likely to be successful. However, recent evidence suggests significant individual differences in the association between strategy implementation and ER success. Indeed, 2 key factors may play an important role in moderating the link between ER strategy use and ER success in the moment: (a) the intensity of the specific emotional experience, and (b) the relative frequency in using a given ER strategy. Experien...
Source: Emotion - May 12, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Relational savoring intervention: Positive impacts for mothers and evidence of cultural compatibility for Latinas.
Emotion, Vol 23(2), Mar 2023, 303-320; doi:10.1037/emo0001102Parenting young children poses numerous emotion regulation challenges, and prevention programs that promote emotion regulation skills can help with this important task of parenthood. Relational savoring (RS), which entails savoring a positive experience of interpersonal connectedness, is a brief manualized intervention program, 4 weeks in length, grounded in positive psychology and attachment theory. In the current longitudinal, randomized, controlled trial, we examined the impacts of RS compared with an active control (personal savoring [PS], defined as savoring...
Source: Emotion - May 12, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Valuing high arousal negative states increases negative responses toward outgroups across cultures.
Emotion, Vol 22(7), Oct 2022, 1450-1472; doi:10.1037/emo0001101Previous research demonstrates that the more people experience anger, fear, and other high arousal negative states (HAN) on average, the more prejudice and harm they express toward outgroups. Here we demonstrate that valuing HAN—above and beyond actually experiencing HAN—increases people’s likelihood of engaging in harm toward cultural outgroups in everyday life. In Study 1, U.S. European Americans (N = 227) read hypothetical scenarios in which a member of another cultural group at school, work, or home made them uncomfortable. As predicted, the more part...
Source: Emotion - May 12, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Valuing high arousal negative states increases negative responses toward outgroups across cultures.
Previous research demonstrates that the more people experience anger, fear, and other high arousal negative states (HAN) on average, the more prejudice and harm they express toward outgroups. Here we demonstrate that valuing HAN—above and beyond actually experiencing HAN—increases people’s likelihood of engaging in harm toward cultural outgroups in everyday life. In Study 1, U.S. European Americans (N = 227) read hypothetical scenarios in which a member of another cultural group at school, work, or home made them uncomfortable. As predicted, the more participants ideally wanted to feel HAN, the more negatively they r...
Source: Emotion - May 12, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Not every dissatisfaction is the same: The impact of electoral regret, disappointment, and anger on subsequent electoral behavior.
Emotion, Vol 23(2), Mar 2023, 554-568; doi:10.1037/emo0001064We investigate varieties of dissatisfaction by examining how the similar, yet distinct emotions of regret, disappointment, and anger are related to electoral behavior. In a 2-wave longitudinal study conducted around the UK General Election of 2017 (N₁ = 817, N₂ = 768), we measured these emotions in response to 3 levels of electoral decision-making (individual party preference, individual electoral participation, and election results) and tested the relationship between these emotions and electoral behaviors. We find that party switching in 2017 is associated ...
Source: Emotion - April 21, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Spatial frequencies affect cuteness perception of infant faces.
In this study, 16 images of infant faces with four cuteness levels were selected by a prerating experiment. Using a 7-point Likert scale paradigm, participants were asked to rate the cuteness of infant faces, including one version of broad unfiltered faces and four versions of filtered faces. The results showed that filtered SFs reduced cuteness ratings and that the impact of SFs was related to the cuteness levels of faces. Specifically, faces with low SFs got the lowest cuteness ratings. The ratings of faces with low SFs in neutral cuteness had a greater reduction than that in positive cuteness. In comparison, faces with ...
Source: Emotion - April 21, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Initial evidence for a relation between behaviorally assessed empathic accuracy and affect sharing for people and music.
We examined this question using 2 independent samples: a laboratory sample of undergraduates (n = 236) and a larger online direct replication with participants across the United States (n = 596). Across both samples, linear mixed effects models showed positive associations between empathic accuracy and affect sharing for people telling personal stories and for musical expression, and results were maintained when including relevant individual differences as covariates. These findings provide initial evidence of a relation between behaviorally assessed empathic processes across social and musical domains. Future research is ...
Source: Emotion - April 21, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
On the relationship between valence and arousal in samples across the globe.
Emotion, Vol 23(2), Mar 2023, 332-344; doi:10.1037/emo0001095Affect is involved in many psychological phenomena, but a descriptive structure, long sought, has been elusive. Valence and arousal are fundamental, and a key question–the focus of the present study–is the relationship between them. Valence is sometimes thought to be independent of arousal, but, in some studies (representing too few societies in the world) arousal was found to vary with valence. One common finding is that arousal is lowest at neutral valence and increases with both positive and negative valence: a symmetric V-shaped relationship. In the study...
Source: Emotion - April 21, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Recalling prior experiences with a close other can fulfill the need for social connection.
Emotion, Vol 23(2), Mar 2023, 321-331; doi:10.1037/emo0001103Humans need social connection to thrive, but how we fulfill this need is not well understood. Numerous theoretical perspectives propose that continual positive experiences with a close other fulfill the need for social connection. Despite popular acceptance for this notion, little research has investigated the consequences of having multiple experiences with a close other. As a first step toward this goal, the current studies assessed whether recalling prior experiences of social connection with a close other alters feelings of satisfaction toward the same person...
Source: Emotion - April 21, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
