Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in the Arid and Thermally Extreme Sonoran Desert
AbstractBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), the causative agent of the devastating global amphibian disease chytridiomycosis, was not projected to threaten amphibians in hot and arid regions due to its sensitivity to heat and desiccation. However,Bd is being detected more frequently than ever in hot and arid regions of Australia and the USA, challenging our current understanding of the environmental tolerances of the pathogen under natural conditions. We surveyed forBd in an extremely hot and arid portion of the Sonoran Desert, where the pathogen is not projected to occur, and related presence and prevalence of the pathog...
Source: EcoHealth - January 19, 2024 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research
No Evidence of Rabies Exposure in Wild Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) of Northeast Brazil
AbstractRabies transmitted by wildlife is the main source of human rabies mortality in Latin America and considered an emerging disease. The common marmosetCallithrix jacchus of Brazil is the only known primate reservoir of rabies worldwide. We tested whether alive free-rangingC. jacchus were exposed to rabies in four northeast states that have previously reported rabies-positive deadC. jacchus (Pernambuco and Bahia) or not (Para íba and Rio Grande do Norte). Our results show no evidence of rabies antibodies or infection in the sampledC. jacchus, suggesting that apparently healthy marmosets are not widely exposed to rabie...
Source: EcoHealth - January 18, 2024 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research
Correction: Marine Protected Area Expansion and Country-Level Age-Standardized Adult Mortality
(Source: EcoHealth)
Source: EcoHealth - January 17, 2024 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research
Collaborative Modeling of the Tick-Borne Disease Social-Ecological System: A Conceptual Framework
AbstractHard-bodied ticks have become a major concern in temperate regions because they transmit a variety of pathogens of medical significance. Ticks and pathogens interact with hosts in a complex social-ecological system (SES) that influences human exposure to tick-borne diseases (TBD). We argue that addressing the urgent public health threat posed by TBD requires an understanding of the integrated processes in the forest ecosystem that influence tick density and infection prevalence, transmission among ticks, animal hosts, and ultimately disease prevalence in humans. We argue that collaborative modeling of the human-tic...
Source: EcoHealth - January 12, 2024 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research
Cattle Farming and Plantation Forest are Associated with Bartonella Occurrence in Wild Rodents
In this study, we conducted a survey on wild populations of sigmodontine rodents,Akodon azarae andOxymycterus rufus, inhabiting the Paran á River delta region. The study involved eight grids organized in a crossed 2 × 2 design, where four of the grids were exposed to cattle while the other four were not, and four grids were located in implanted forest while the remaining four were in natural grasslands. Our objective was to exam ine whether the occurrence ofBartonella spp. in rodents was associated with silvopastoral activities (cattle raising associated with timber production) conducted in the region. Additionally, ...
Source: EcoHealth - January 9, 2024 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research
Comprehensive Genomic Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence, and Clonality in Salmonella Isolates from Wild Animals in Algeria
This study investigatedSalmonella spp. in wild animals in Algeria, focusing on their prevalence, serotypes, antibiotic resistance, and virulence profiles. From fecal samples collected between May 2021 and June 2022, 1.9% showedSalmonella shedding. The identified serotypes includedS. Bredeney,S. Enteritidis,S. Altona, andS. Virchow. Except forS. Altona, all isolates were resistant to quinolones, withS. Bredeney strains, exhibiting multidrug resistance. Whole-genome sequencing revealed various resistance genes and mutations ingyrA orparC genes. Additionally, plasmids IncX1 and ColpVC were detected in several isolates. A comp...
Source: EcoHealth - January 4, 2024 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research
Exposure to Brucella spp. in Humans and Cows in a High Milk-Producing Area of Bangladesh
AbstractBrucellosis is a zoonotic disease, caused by some species within theBrucella genus. The primary and secondary objectives of this cross-sectional study were to determine the seroprevalence ofBrucella antibodies in humans and cows and identify risk factors for exposure toBrucella spp. among people in Shahjadpur sub-district, Bangladesh. Twenty-five villages were randomly selected from the 303 milk-producing villages in the sub-district. We randomly selected 5% of the total households from each village. At each household, we collected demographic information and history of potential exposure toBrucella spp. in humans....
Source: EcoHealth - December 21, 2023 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research
Marine Protected Area Expansion and Country-Level Age-Standardized Adult Mortality
AbstractMany countries have adopted targets to increase marine protected areas (MPAs) to limit the degradation of water bodies. Although there is evidence that MPAs can conserve marine life and promote biodiversity, there are limited data on the human health implications of MPAs. Using panel data from 1990, 2000, and 2014, we estimated the country-level associations between MPAs (i.e., percentage of territorial waters designated as marine reserves) and age-standardized mortality (i.e., age-standardized probability of dying between 15 and 60 years from all-causes among ages 15–60/100,000 population) by sex, among 110 co...
Source: EcoHealth - December 19, 2023 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research
