Zoonotic Disease Risk and Life-History Traits: Are Reservoirs Fast Life Species?
AbstractThe relationship between humans, wildlife and disease transmission can be complex and context-dependent, and disease dynamics may be determined by idiosyncratic species. Therefore, an outstanding question is how general is the finding that species with faster life histories are more probable hosts of zoonoses. Ecological knowledge on species, jointly with public health data, can provide relevant information on species that should be targeted for epidemiological surveillance or management. We investigated whether mammal species traits can be good indicators of zoonotic reservoir status in an intensified agricultural...
Source: EcoHealth - July 16, 2022 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research
Coronavirus and Paramyxovirus Shedding by Bats in a Cave and Buildings in Ethiopia
AbstractBats are important hosts of zoonotic viruses with pandemic potential, including filoviruses, MERS-Coronavirus (CoV), SARS-CoV -1, and likely SARS-CoV-2. Viral infection and transmission among wildlife are dependent on a combination of factors that include host ecology and immunology, life history traits, roosting habitats, biogeography, and external stressors. Between 2016 and 2018, four species of insectivorous bats from a readily accessed roadside cave and buildings in Ethiopia were sampled and tested for viruses using consensus PCR assays for five viral families/genera. Previously identified and novel coronaviru...
Source: EcoHealth - June 30, 2022 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research
Mitigating Zoonotic Risks in Intensive Farming: Solutions for a Sustainable Change
(Source: EcoHealth)
Source: EcoHealth - June 29, 2022 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research
Future Directions to Manage Wildlife Health in a Changing Climate
(Source: EcoHealth)
Source: EcoHealth - June 27, 2022 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research
Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Larval Ecology in Rubber Plantations and Rural Villages in Dabou (C ôte d'Ivoire)
The objective of this study was to assess the larval ecology of mosquitoes in rubb er areas of Dabou, Côte d'Ivoire. From January to June 2017, an entomological survey was conducted of mature (MP) and immature (IP) rubber plantations, as well as in villages surrounded by rubber plantations (SV) and remote from rubber plantations (RV). The number and type of potential and positive breeding sites were recorded, and mosquito larval densities and diversity were estimated. Seven genera divided into 31 species including major vector such asAnopheles gambiae s.l. andAedes aegypti were identified. A total of 1,660 waterbodies wer...
Source: EcoHealth - June 27, 2022 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research
Potential Facilitation Between a Commensal and a Pathogenic Microbe in a Wildlife Disease
AbstractWe assessed the potential for microbial interactions influencing a well-documented host –pathogen system.Mycoplasma agassizii is the known etiological agent of upper respiratory tract disease in Mojave desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii), but disease in wild animals is extremely heterogeneous. For example, a much larger proportion of animals harborM. agassizii than those that develop disease. With the availability of a new quantitative PCR assay for a microbe that had previously been implicated in disease,Pasteurella testudinis, we tested 389 previously collected samples of nasal microbes from tortoise populati...
Source: EcoHealth - June 25, 2022 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research
Dairy Cattle Density and Temporal Patterns of Human Campylobacteriosis and Cryptosporidiosis in New Zealand
This study examined the spatial distribution of dairy cattle density and explored temporal patterns of human campylobacteriosis and cryptosporidiosis notifications in New Zealand from 1997 to 2015. Maps of dairy cattle density were produced, and temporal patterns of disease rates were assessed for urban versus rural areas and for areas with different dairy cattle densities using descriptive temporal analyses. Campylobacteriosis and cryptosporidiosis rates displayed strong seasonal patterns, with highest rates in spring in rural areas and, for campylobacteriosis, summer in urban areas. Increases in rural cases often precede...
Source: EcoHealth - June 10, 2022 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research
Outdoor Activity Associated with Higher Self-Reported Emotional Well-Being During COVID-19
AbstractShifts in activity patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic might have impacted the benefits of outdoor activities for mental health. By leveraging an existing mobile application, we collected self-reported data on daily outdoor activities, emotional well-being, and the influence of COVID-19 on participant ’s outdoor activity levels during April–July 2020. Individuals reporting outdoor activities, in greenspaces or in their residence, had higher well-being scores and this effect increased with age. Self-reported impacts of COVID-19 on emotional well-being were associated with lower well-being scor es. This work su...
Source: EcoHealth - June 10, 2022 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research
Dairy Cattle Density and Temporal Patterns of Human Campylobacteriosis and Cryptosporidiosis in New Zealand
This study examined the spatial distribution of dairy cattle density and explored temporal patterns of human campylobacteriosis and cryptosporidiosis notifications in New Zealand from 1997 to 2015. Maps of dairy cattle density were produced, and temporal patterns of disease rates were assessed for urban versus rural areas and for areas with different dairy cattle densities using descriptive temporal analyses. Campylobacteriosis and cryptosporidiosis rates displayed strong seasonal patterns, with highest rates in spring in rural areas and, for campylobacteriosis, summer in urban areas. Increases in rural cases often precede...
Source: EcoHealth - June 10, 2022 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research
Outdoor Activity Associated with Higher Self-Reported Emotional Well-Being During COVID-19
AbstractShifts in activity patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic might have impacted the benefits of outdoor activities for mental health. By leveraging an existing mobile application, we collected self-reported data on daily outdoor activities, emotional well-being, and the influence of COVID-19 on participant ’s outdoor activity levels during April–July 2020. Individuals reporting outdoor activities, in greenspaces or in their residence, had higher well-being scores and this effect increased with age. Self-reported impacts of COVID-19 on emotional well-being were associated with lower well-being scor es. This work su...
Source: EcoHealth - June 10, 2022 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research
