Cystectomy for Benign Indications
This article evaluates the historical influences, current use, surgical techniques, and recent evidence on outcomes for cystectomy performed for benign indications.Recent FindingsAt the population level, cystectomy for benign indications has similar perioperative morbidity to radical cystectomy for cancer. Postoperative patient satisfaction is high and functional outcomes appear good, including sexual function. Patient regret about diversion choice is low provided decisions are well informed.SummaryCystectomy is important both as a primary procedure for benign disease and as an adjunct to primary urinary diversion. Early m...
Source: Current Urology Reports - September 3, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
A Perspective of the Urinary Microbiome in Lower Urinary Tract Infections — A Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewGreater availability of sequencing methods has broadened the knowledge of the urinary microbiome in an environment previously believed to be sterile. This review discusses internal and external influences that promote either a balance or a dysbiosis of the urinary tract and the future perspectives in understanding lower urinary tract infections.Recent FindingsEfforts have been made to identify a “core” urinary microbiome in whichFirmicutes andBacteroidetes account for most of the bacterial representations. A shift to a Proteobacteria-dominant representation shapes the fingerprint of the infecti...
Source: Current Urology Reports - September 2, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Cystectomy for Benign Indications
This article evaluates the historical influences, current use, surgical techniques, and recent evidence on outcomes for cystectomy performed for benign indications.Recent FindingsAt the population level, cystectomy for benign indications has similar perioperative morbidity to radical cystectomy for cancer. Postoperative patient satisfaction is high and functional outcomes appear good, including sexual function. Patient regret about diversion choice is low provided decisions are well informed.SummaryCystectomy is important both as a primary procedure for benign disease and as an adjunct to primary urinary diversion. Early m...
Source: Current Urology Reports - September 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
A Review of Urinary Tract Endometriosis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo describe the presenting signs and symptoms of patients with urinary tract endometriosis (UTE), appropriate workup, and to review medical and surgical therapies for symptom palliation and definitive management.Recent FindingsUTE is a condition that clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for, as symptoms can be easily misdiagnosed from other causes. Surgical resection of implants appears to offer safe and durable symptom relief.SummaryUrinary tract endometriosis may present with symptoms overlapping with interstitial cystitis, nephrolithiasis, bladder overactivity, or recurrent urina...
Source: Current Urology Reports - September 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Current State of Non-surgical Devices for Female Stress Urinary Incontinence
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to summarize and assess the current non-surgical devices for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Recent FindingsDevices for SUI can generally be divided into two categories. One category is the augmentation of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), wherein devices such as vaginal cones, intravaginal biofeedback, and electrical or magnetic stimulation are used to strength the pelvic floor musculature, though none are more effective than traditional PFMT. The second category of devices mechanically occludes the outlet and includes incontinence pessaries, int...
Source: Current Urology Reports - September 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Role of Hysteropexy in the Management of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo discuss considerations for hysteropexy for apical pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and summarize available literature comparing various hysteropexy techniques to analogous procedures involving hysterectomy.Recent FindingsHysteropexy for apical POP has increased in popularity in recent years, although anatomic factors and gynecologic cancer risk must be taken into account. Native tissue hysteropexy options include the LeFort colpocleisis, sacrospinous hysteropexy, and uterosacral hysteropexy. Although vaginal mesh was banned by the Food and Drug Administration in 2019, abdominal mesh sacrohysteropexy ...
Source: Current Urology Reports - September 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Association of Kidney Stones and Recurrent UTIs: the Chicken and Egg Situation. A Systematic Review of Literature
AbstractPurpose of ReviewKidney stone disease (KSD) and recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) are frequently concomitant conditions. We conducted a systematic review to determine the association of UTI in patients with KSD and to assess the outcomes of kidney stone treatment in the resolution of rUTI.Recent FindingsOur systematic review included 17 papers and a strong association between KSD and rUTI was demonstrated by numerous studies. Surgical clearance of kidney stones usually resulted in the resolution of UTI, but discordant data persist regarding recurrence rates after surgery. In vitro studies might unveil the c...
Source: Current Urology Reports - September 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
A Review of Urinary Tract Endometriosis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo describe the presenting signs and symptoms of patients with urinary tract endometriosis (UTE), appropriate workup, and to review medical and surgical therapies for symptom palliation and definitive management.Recent FindingsUTE is a condition that clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for, as symptoms can be easily misdiagnosed from other causes. Surgical resection of implants appears to offer safe and durable symptom relief.SummaryUrinary tract endometriosis may present with symptoms overlapping with interstitial cystitis, nephrolithiasis, bladder overactivity, or recurrent urina...
Source: Current Urology Reports - September 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Robotic Peritoneal Flap vs. Perineal Penile Inversion Techniques for Gender-Affirming Vaginoplasty
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo discuss perineal and robotic approaches to gender-affirming vaginoplasty.Recent FindingsThe Davydov peritoneal vaginoplasty has its origins in neovaginal reconstruction for vaginal agenesis. It has been adapted as a robotic-assisted laparoscopic procedure and provides an alternative to perineal canal dissection in gender-affirming vaginoplasty. Both techniques represent variations of penile inversion vaginoplasty with successful outcomes and overall low rates of major complications reported in the literature. However, there are differing advantages and considerations to each approach.SummaryA pe...
Source: Current Urology Reports - August 30, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Current State of Non-surgical Devices for Female Stress Urinary Incontinence
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to summarize and assess the current non-surgical devices for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Recent FindingsDevices for SUI can generally be divided into two categories. One category is the augmentation of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), wherein devices such as vaginal cones, intravaginal biofeedback, and electrical or magnetic stimulation are used to strength the pelvic floor musculature, though none are more effective than traditional PFMT. The second category of devices mechanically occludes the outlet and includes incontinence pessaries, int...
Source: Current Urology Reports - August 23, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
ALARA in Urology: Steps to Minimise Radiation Exposure During All Parts of the Endourological Journey
This article provides an overview of the topic including background to the risks and steps that can be taken during all s tages of endourological management.Recent FindingsOur review suggests that ionising radiation is an invaluable tool in delineating the anatomy, localising disease, guiding manoeuvres and monitoring treatment in patients with KSD. It therefore plays an integral role in many stages of patient care; preoperatively, intraoperatively and postoperatively.The reduction of radiation pre- and post-surgical intervention relies on the use of low-radiation CT scan and ultrasound scan. It can also be achieved throug...
Source: Current Urology Reports - August 13, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
The Use of Neutrophil Gelatinase –Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Urinary Tract Obstruction: a Systematic Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe early recognition of urinary tract obstruction (UTO) is vital in order to prevent mortality and morbidity associated with an acute kidney injury (AKI) and progression to irreversible kidney damage. Urinary biomarkers such as neutrophil gelatinase –associated lipocalin(NGAL) have been recognised as an accurate tool in the timely diagnosis of AKI, but its role in the detection, prognosis and subsequent monitoring of a variety of obstructive uropathies has not yet been explored. We performed a systematic review of literature in accordance with Cochrane methodology from inception to August 2021.R...
Source: Current Urology Reports - August 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
