Duplex Kidney in Adults: a Systematic Review of the Literature
This study offers urologists and emergency care practitioners a great overview of the variety of manifestations, anatomic differences, and therapeutic approaches for similar patients.Recent Findingsmodified reconstructive strategy could be a method of choice when addressing particular anatomies, such as incomplete duplex kidneys with ureteropelvic junction obstruction in both upper and lower poles when the obstruction is close to the confluence of the two ureters.SummaryThere is a spectrum of acute presentations and management strategies in adult patients with duplex collecting systems. The majority of patients presenting ...
Source: Current Urology Reports - November 9, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Overview of Benchtop Models for Comparison of Surgical Treatments for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
AbstractPurpose of ReviewBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a disease of the lower urinary tract which often requires surgical treatment. Recently, there has been a deluge of new treatment options, rarely validated or compared to current treatments on a benchtop model. The purpose of this review is to examine the literature and report which benchtop models are currently being used, which therapies have been tested on them, and what outcomes are being studied on each model.Recent FindingsThere are various benchtop models to choose from, each with their unique benefits and drawbacks. Perfused porcine kidney models are use...
Source: Current Urology Reports - November 9, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Management Strategy for Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Category 3 Lesions
AbstractPurpose of ReviewProstate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) category 3 lesions present a clinical dilemma due to their uncertain nature, which complicates the development of a definitive management strategy. These lesions have an incidence rate of approximately 22 –32%, with clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) accounting for about 10–30%. Therefore, a thorough evaluation is warranted.Recent FindingsThis review highlights the need for radiology peer review, including the confirmation of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) compliance, as the initial step. Additional MRI models such as VERDICT or ...
Source: Current Urology Reports - November 8, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
The State of Urotrauma Education Among Residency Programs in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewManagement of urotrauma is a crucial part of a urologist ’s knowledge and training. We therefore sought to understand the state of urotrauma education in the United States.Recent FindingsUsing themes of “Urotrauma” and “Education,” we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching for studies in MEDLINE, all Cochrane libraries, EMBASE, BIOSIS, Scopus, and Web of Science through May 2023. The primary outcome was the pooled rate of urology trainee and program director attitudes toward urotrauma education. Secondary outcomes involved a descriptive summary of existing urotrauma ...
Source: Current Urology Reports - November 1, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Pathophysiologic Insights into the Transition from Asymptomatic Bacteriuria to Urinary Tract Infection
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAsymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) can be found in the general population but it is more common in catheterized patients. Some patients develop urinary tract infections (UTI) and others stay asymptomatic throughout time. The scientific community lacks a pathophysiologic explanation of why asymptomatic bacteriuria stays asymptomatic most of the time, and why and how it sometimes transitions to UTI. In an attempt to bridge this gap in knowledge, a summary of the current literature is conducted on the pathophysiologic differences between ASB and UTI, beyond their clinical differences.Recent FindingsASB an...
Source: Current Urology Reports - November 1, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Embracing the Pros and Cons of the New Weight Loss Medications (Semaglutide, Tirzepatide, Etc.)
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe history of multiple weight loss medications has been a concerning paradox based on an increased cardiovascular risk despite significant reductions in adipose tissue and weight. A new class of weight loss medications could change this past narrative based on early preliminary results of cardiovascular risk (not events —still need to be determined) and weight reduction in non-diabetics that acutely competes with results achieved with bariatric surgery. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the advantages and disadvantages of these newer medications, and how they c...
Source: Current Urology Reports - November 1, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Recent Advances in Surgical Simulation For Resident Education
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSurgical simulation has become a cornerstone for the training of surgical residents, especially for urology residents. Urology as a specialty bolsters a diverse range of procedures requiring a variety of technical skills ranging from open and robotic surgery to endoscopic procedures. While hands-on supervised training on patients still remains the foundation of residency training and education, it may not be sufficient to achieve proficiency for graduation even if case minimums are achieved. It has been well-established that simulation-based education (SBE) can supplement residency training and ach...
Source: Current Urology Reports - November 1, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
The Potential Role of Persister Cells in Urinary Tract Infections
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review explores the role of persister cells in urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTIs are one of the most common bacterial infections, affecting millions of people worldwide. Persister cells are a subpopulation of bacteria with dormant metabolic activity which allows survival in the presence of antibiotics.Recent FindingsThis review summarizes recent research on the pathogenesis of persister cell formation in UTIs, the impact of persister cells on the effectiveness of antibiotics, the challenges they pose for treatment, and the need for new strategies to target these cells. Furthermore, this re...
Source: Current Urology Reports - November 1, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Guiding Clinical Decision Making for Surgical Incontinence Treatment After Prostatectomy: A Review of the Literature
AbstractPurpose of ReviewStress urinary incontinence after prostatectomy is a common and debilitating side effect. Immediate post-prostatectomy management emphasizes pelvic floor muscle exercises. Per American Urologic Association guidelines, if incontinence persists for more than 12 months postoperatively, surgical interventions are the mainstay of treatment. Treatment decisions depend on a multitude of factors. The goal of this paper is to review recent literature updates regarding the diagnosis of male SUI to better guide surgical treatment decision-making.Recent FindingsPatient history is a critical component in guid...
Source: Current Urology Reports - November 1, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
The Potential Role of Persister Cells in Urinary Tract Infections
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review explores the role of persister cells in urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTIs are one of the most common bacterial infections, affecting millions of people worldwide. Persister cells are a subpopulation of bacteria with dormant metabolic activity which allows survival in the presence of antibiotics.Recent FindingsThis review summarizes recent research on the pathogenesis of persister cell formation in UTIs, the impact of persister cells on the effectiveness of antibiotics, the challenges they pose for treatment, and the need for new strategies to target these cells. Furthermore, this re...
Source: Current Urology Reports - November 1, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Pathophysiologic Insights into the Transition from Asymptomatic Bacteriuria to Urinary Tract Infection
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAsymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) can be found in the general population but it is more common in catheterized patients. Some patients develop urinary tract infections (UTI) and others stay asymptomatic throughout time. The scientific community lacks a pathophysiologic explanation of why asymptomatic bacteriuria stays asymptomatic most of the time, and why and how it sometimes transitions to UTI. In an attempt to bridge this gap in knowledge, a summary of the current literature is conducted on the pathophysiologic differences between ASB and UTI, beyond their clinical differences.Recent FindingsASB an...
Source: Current Urology Reports - October 19, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Local Therapeutics for the Treatment of Oligo Metastatic Prostate Cancer
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMetastatic prostate cancer remains universally lethal. Although de-novo metastatic prostate cancer was historically managed with systemic therapy alone, local therapies are increasingly utilized in the early treatment of the disease, particularly in patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC). OMPC represents an intermediate stage between clinically localized and widespread metastatic disease. Diseases classified within this stage present an opportunity for localized targeting of the disease prior to progression to widespread metastases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the contemp...
Source: Current Urology Reports - October 1, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Real-Time and Delayed Imaging of Tissue and Effects of Prostate Tissue Ablation
AbstractPurpose of ReviewProstate ablation is increasingly being utilized for the management of localized prostate cancer. There are several energy modalities with varying mechanism of actions which are currently used for prostate ablation. Prostate ablations, whether focal or whole gland, are performed under ultrasound and/or MRI guidance for appropriate treatment plan execution and monitoring. A familiarity with different intraoperative imaging findings and expected tissue response to these ablative modalities is paramount. In this review, we discuss the intraoperative, early, and delayed imaging findings in prostate fro...
Source: Current Urology Reports - October 1, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Is Active Surveillance Too Active?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMany prostate cancer active surveillance protocols mandate serial monitoring at defined intervals, including but certainly not limited to serum PSA (often every 6 months), clinic visits, prostate multiparametric MRI, and repeat prostate biopsies. The purpose of this article is to evaluate whether current protocols result in excessive testing of patients on active surveillance.Recent FindingsMultiple studies have been published in the past several years evaluating the utility of multiparametric MRI, serum biomarkers, and serial prostate biopsy for men on active surveillance. While MRI and serum bi...
Source: Current Urology Reports - October 1, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
