Telemedicine: a Bridge Over Knowledge Gaps in Healthcare
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewThe purpose of the review is to describe the Brazilian Telemedicine University Network RUTE concerning the Special Interest Group of Children and Adolescents, the new SIG-COVID19-BR activities for continuing medical education, and to update relevant information regarding diagnosis and treatment, using digital technologies.Recent FindingsA total of 145 sessions of video and webconferences were held with the participation of 6575 health professionals, including medical students, interns, and residents. Major topics involved the healthcare of children and adolescents were combined with the emergen...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - June 30, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Pediatric Delirium: a Review of Current Diagnosis and Management in the Intensive Care Setting
We describe preventative management, current screening tools, and treatment strategies for pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) delirium.Recent FindingsWhile there is ongoing research regarding medication efficacy for the treatment of delirium, there has been an increased emphasis on screening and prevention strategies.SummaryPICU delirium is an underappreciated diagnosis that is associated with increased morbidity and increased length of stay. Strategies to minimize risk of delirium, early recognition of delirium, and mitigation strategies combined with education and engagement of both medical staff and families are of ut...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - June 26, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Correction to: The ICU Liberation Bundle and Strategies for Implementation in Pediatrics
Table 2 of the original version of this article unfortunately was not formatted well, making it unclear for readers. (Source: Current Pediatrics Reports)
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - June 22, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
New Decade: “New” Devices for “Old” Drugs
This article reviews e-cigarettes and how they are changing the use and abuse of nicotine and THC and discusses the latest knowledge of the effects of these substances upon adolescents. Concurrent trends in the increased potency and legality of marijuana in the USA are discussed as well as suggestions for how to proactively work with adolescents around the issue of substance use.Recent Findings“Vaping” is changing the usage patterns of nicotine and marijuana, exposing youth to new dosages and potential effects.SummaryIncreased nicotine and THC exposure is erasing public health gains, leading to new drug-related syndrom...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - June 20, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
The Future of Paediatric Nephrology —Genomics and Personalised Precision Medicine
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review aims to outline the current state of precision medicine in paediatric nephrology with a focus on how genomics will impact on patient care in the future.Recent FindingsBroader availability of genomic sequencing, direct-to-consumer genetic testing, a growing list of genes implicated in childhood-onset kidney disease, patient-specific kidney organoid models of disease and pharmacogenomics will all shape the future for patients with kidney disease.SummaryThere is a bright future for patients with kidney disease as greater understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of disease will result i...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - June 8, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Cyberbullying and Adolescents
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCyberbullying is an aggressive behavior involving a type of electronic communication intending to harm a victim that can have profound effects on adolescents. This review examines the epidemiology, issues from cyberbullying, presentation to care of its victims, and proposed interventions to this behavior.Recent FindingsThere are a variety of physical and psychological effects on victims of cyberbullying that can include recurrent abdominal pain, headaches, and difficulty with sleep. In addition, victims have higher rates of anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and a lower level of well-being. Un...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - June 2, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
The ICU Liberation Bundle and Strategies for Implementation in Pediatrics
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe briefly review post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) and the morbidities associated with critical illness that led to the intensive care unit (ICU) liberation movement. We review each element of the ICU liberation bundle, including pediatric support data, as well as tips and strategies for implementation in a pediatric ICU (PICU) setting.Recent FindingsNumerous studies have found children have cognitive, physical, and psychiatric deficits after a PICU stay. The effects of the full ICU liberation bundle in children have not been published, but in adults, bundle implementation (even partial) resulte...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - May 15, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Strategies in the Management of Adolescent Obesity
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe review the current options to manage adolescent obesity which include nutrition, physical activity, behavior modification, sleep management, pharmacotherapy, and surgery. Since lifestyle interventions alone are often not effective in adolescents, a multi-disciplinary treatment approach is necessary in management.Recent FindingsMedications (often used off-label) and metabolic/bariatric surgery are effective treatment strategies to treat adolescents with severe obesity.SummaryThe use of pharmacotherapy and surgery is limited due to lack of pediatric obesity tertiary care centers. With more centers...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - April 26, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Long-Term Metabolic Consequences of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo summarize recent findings on the associations of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and long-term metabolic consequences such as obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular diseases and the underlying mechanisms.Recent FindingsRecent evidence suggests that metabolic diseases such as obesity, T2D, hypertension, and coronary artery disease are related to developmental programming in fetal period and early childhood. Rapid postnatal catch-up growth is also an important factor that contributes to the development of these long-term metabolic complications. The underlying mechanisms include...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - April 2, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
The Changing Adolescent: a Biopsychosocial and Behavioral Perspective
(Source: Current Pediatrics Reports)
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - March 30, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Baby B and Baby Doe —Their Lasting Effect on Parents’ Scope for Medical Decision-Making for Their Children
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThere have been several widely publicized legal cases about the limits of parental decision-making for their children. We examine the two very similar cases dating back to the 1980s that still provide legal precedents and constrain parental decision-making for newborns: Baby Doe in the USA, and Baby B in England.Recent FindingsThe US and English legal systems significantly constrain parental decision-making, even to the extent of preventing decisions that some clinicians may feel to be in the child ’s best interests. This is true for decisions to either limit care or continue care.SummaryLegal li...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - March 12, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Fetal Cardiac Intervention: a Review of the Current Literature
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCongenital heart disease (CHD), the most common of birth defects, can be serious enough to require a lifetime of medical care including multiple surgeries or other interventions.Recent FindingsAdvances in ultrasound technology and a better understanding of the progression of CHDs have made it possible to intervenein utero. This early-stage intervention allows the still plastic cardiovascular system to return to a more normal trajectory thus sparing the newborn from negative consequences to morbidity and mortality.SummaryFetal cardiac intervention (FCI) has been successful altering the course of rig...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - February 14, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Correction to: Providing Compassionate End of Life Care in the Setting of Mechanical Circulatory Support
The original version did not include the correct affiliations as noted by the authors in their proofs which can be seen below. (Source: Current Pediatrics Reports)
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - February 4, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
APRV vs Oscillation
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe compare the effectiveness of a conventional mode of ventilation, airway pressure release ventilation with non-conventional high frequency ventilation in achieving safety, comfort and liberation in infants and children requiring mechanical ventilation.Recent FindingsMechanical ventilatory support is important to the care of infants and children with acute respiratory failure. A paucity of high-level evidence exists to support one single ventilator strategy. A better understanding of the nuances of conventional and non-conventional modes of ventilation is needed to provide safe and effective venti...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - January 24, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Shiga-Toxin E. coli Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: Review of Management and Long-term Outcome
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe review the pathophysiology of Shiga-Toxin Enteropathogenic –Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (STEC-HUS), strategies to ameliorate or prevent evolution of STEC-HUS, management and the improved recognition of long-term adverse outcomes.Recent FindingsFollowing on from the preclinical evidence of a role for the complement system in STEC-HUS, the use of complement blocking agents has been the major focus of most recent clinical research. Novel therapies to prevent or lessen HUS have yet to enter the clinical arena. The long-term outcomes of STEC-HUS, similarly to other causes of AKI, are not as benign as...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - January 16, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
