Bone Health Considerations for the Adolescent Female Athlete
AbstractPurpose of ReviewProvide an update on bone health considerations for adolescent female athletes.Recent FindingsThis review explores multiple topics related to bone health in adolescent female athletes, including bone development, facilitators of and risks to bone health, assessment of bone health, and implications for poor bone health in this population.SummaryBone health has important implications for sports performance and overall wellness among adolescent female athletes. Recent studies support the benefits of approaching bone health in this population with an experienced multidisciplinary care team including me...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - April 26, 2018 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Opioid Use Disorders in Adolescents —Updates in Assessment and Management
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review information specific to adolescents regarding trends in opioid use, risk factors for opioid misuse, medical co-morbidity, and treatment updates.Recent FindingsAlthough opioid misuse in adolescents is uncommon, it is associated with morbidity and mortality such as hepatitis C and overdose. Adolescents commonly start with prescription opioid misuse before transitioning to heroin use. The existing literature supports the use of buprenorphine/naloxone for the treatment of adolescent opioid use disorders. Safe medication storage and disposal is important to decrease adolescent prescription opi...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - April 25, 2018 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
The Inaugural Section on Adolescent Medicine
(Source: Current Pediatrics Reports)
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - April 21, 2018 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescent Women
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the current state of terminology, evaluation, and management of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in adolescents.Recent FindingsThe current terminology classifies the causes of AUB under the mnemonic “PALM-COEIN”:Polyps,Adenomyosis,Leiomyoma,Malignancy/hyperplasia;Coagulopathy,Ovulatory dysfunction,Endometrial,Iatrogenic,Not yet classified. Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is one manifestation of AUB. Complete menstrual, gynecologic, medical, and family histories, together with a thorough physical exam, are critical to the determination of the underlying cause of AUB. Initial laboratory t...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - April 17, 2018 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Charlie Gard: How Did Things Go Wrong?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe examine the discussions generated to date by the Charlie Gard case, as well as the events of the case itself, in order to examine lessons for providers dealing with similar situations in the future.Recent FindingsPublications regarding the Gard case are relatively few and focus primarily on the ethical and legal issues that arise when involving the court system in complex medical decision-making and potential limits to parental authority. Some publications have also addressed the subject of experimental therapies, especially from the perspective of potential harms, suffering, and cost.SummaryWe ...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - April 16, 2018 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Evaluation and Treatment of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) in Adolescents
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAvoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) was added to the psychiatric nomenclature in 2013. However, youth with ARFID often present first to medical —rather than psychiatric—settings, making its evaluation and treatment relevant to pediatricians.Recent FindingsARFID is defined by limited volume or variety of food intake motivated by sensory sensitivity, fear of aversive consequences, or lack of interest in food or eating; and associated with medical, nutritional, and/or psychosocial impairment. It appears to be as common as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and can occur in individu...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - April 16, 2018 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Prevention in Adolescents and Young Adults
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the literature about oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention, with specific focus on adolescents.Recent FindingsUse of PrEP reduces new HIV infections among men who have sex with men, heterosexuals, and people who inject drugs. One combination antiretroviral medication is approved for PrEP in the USA for adults. Limited data suggest that PrEP is safe for use in youth, although declines in adherence to PrEP over time suggest the need for adherence interventions specifically targeting youth. Safety concerns related to PrEP include potential negative impacts on bone density a...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - April 12, 2018 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Foreign Body Ingestions: Approach to Management
This article reviews the diagnosis, evaluation, pre-intervention preparation, and endoscopic management of pediatric foreign body ingestion, which is a commonly encountered problem that may present a challenge for healthcare providers and has a potential for significant morbidity and mortality.Recent FindingsWhile the lack of randomized controlled trials in this area remains, recent literature has shed light on new imaging methods to localize foreign bodies and evaluate for complications, new types of foreign body ingestions, and updated management paradigms.SummaryPediatric foreign body ingestions should be treated as eme...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - February 17, 2018 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
A Comprehensive Review of Motor Stereotypies in Children
This article will provide a comprehensive review of the recent literature associated with stereotypies in developmentally normal children.Recent FindingsThe pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood. Some recent proton imaging studies implicate GABAergic dysfunction within corticostriatal pathways.SummaryIt appears that the complexity in the pathophysiology makes treatment strategies more difficult. There are no known pharmacologic treatments. However, behavioral interventions have some proven efficacy. Several reports demonstrate that the motor stereotypies are persistent in adulthood and hence suggesting to par...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - February 8, 2018 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Advances in the Evaluation and Management of Childhood Functional Abdominal Pain
AbstractPurpose of ReviewOur objective is to review recent advances in the classification, evaluation, and management of children with functional abdominal pain.Recent FindingsThe Rome IV criteria allow the provider to identify whether a child ’s presentation is consistent with a functional abdominal pain disorder. The concept of the multidimensional clinical profile acknowledges that multiple unique factors can contribute to a child’s presentation. There is growing evidence on the use of a number of pharmacological treatments for fun ctional abdominal pain disorders. A diet low in fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosacc...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - February 1, 2018 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Functional Abdominal Pain
AbstractPurpose of ReviewFunctional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common disorders characterized by chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms not explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities, or, as more recently defined, not attributable to another medical condition after appropriate medical evaluation. The aim of this narrative review was to provide practitioners a synthesis of the current knowledge on epidemiology, pathophysiology, and evaluation of functional abdominal pain disorders.Recent FindingsThe symptom-based Rome criteria, recently revised to produce Rome IV, allows selective or no testing...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - January 30, 2018 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Sturge-Weber Syndrome
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal of this paper is to discuss recent developments in the diagnosis, neuroimaging, and treatment of Sturge-Weber Syndrome.Recent FindingsDiagnosis and treatment in Sturge-Weber syndrome is evolving in the context of the recent discovery of the underlying somatic mutation in G protein subunit alpha q (GNAQ), development of novel neuroimaging techniques, as well as new multi-centered clinical trials.SummarySturge-Weber Syndrome is a rare, non-familial disorder that is typically characterized by the association of a facial capillary malformation with a leptomeningeal angioma of the brain and/or ...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - January 29, 2018 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Caustic Ingestions in Children
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewTo discuss the new risks associated with caustic ingestion and increase awareness of the variation in clinical presentation, initial management, and long-term complications associated with ingestion of corrosives and button batteries.Recent FindingsImproper storage of caustic materials continues to be a major risk for caustic ingestion. Symptomatic patients should undergo endoscopy for injury assessment and feeding tube placement. Corticosteroids may play a role in decreasing risk of stricture formation. Pod detergents are commonly ingested and need to be properly child proofed. There is a high...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - January 29, 2018 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Celiac Disease
AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, a number of developments have occurred in the world of celiac disease (CeD): the role of genetic and environmental factors involved in the pathogenesis has been better elucidated, new information on the fate of the “potential” celiac children has been generated, new diagnostic and follow-up guidelines have been created, and new exciting prospects have been opened in the possibility of alternative treatments. This review will cite recent relevant publications, presenting in a concise format their most meani ngful contributions.Purpose of ReviewWith the constantly changing presentation ...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - January 22, 2018 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Entering the Treatment Age
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSpinal muscular atrophy is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder. With the recent approval of the first treatment, nusinersen (Spinraza), the natural course of the disease will change. It poses new challenges in administration and highlights the importance of early diagnosis.Recent FindingsNusinersen, an antisense oligonucleotide, helps to ameliorate disease severity in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)1 and SMA2 early in their disease course, helping to decrease the risk of death and respiratory support, as well as enhance motor outcomes in all patients with SMA. Treatment earlier in ...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - January 22, 2018 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
