Building Programs to Eradicate Toxoplasmosis Part II: Education
AbstractPurpose of ReviewReview work to create and evaluate educational materials that could serve as a primary prevention strategy to help both providers and patients in Panama, Colombia, and the USA reduce disease burden ofToxoplasma infections.Recent FindingsEducational programs had not been evaluated for efficacy in Panama, USA, or Colombia.SummaryEducational programs for high school students, pregnant women, medical students and professionals, scientists, and lay personnel were created. In most settings, short-term effects were evaluated. In Panama, Colombia, and USA, all materials showed short-term utility in transmi...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - August 1, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Building Programs to Eradicate Toxoplasmosis Part III: Epidemiology and Risk Factors
AbstractPurpose of ReviewReview comprehensive data on rates of toxoplasmosis in Panama and Colombia.Recent FindingsSamples and data sets from Panama and Colombia, that facilitated estimates regarding seroprevalence of antibodies toToxoplasma and risk factors, were reviewed.SummaryScreening maps, seroprevalence maps, and risk factor mathematical models were devised based on these data. Studies in Ciudad de Panam á estimated seroprevalence at between 22 and 44%. Consistent relationships were found between higher prevalence rates and factors such as poverty and proximity to water sources. Prenatal screening rates for anti-To...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - June 22, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Pediatric to Adult Transition for Adolescents and Young Adults with Kidney Transplant
We describe the process, barriers to successful transition, and literature review on transition in children with kidney transplant.Recent FindingsMany guidelines for a successful transition process exist in this population. Successful transition requires a committed multidisciplinary team. Each institute and subspecialty have their own workflow for this process. Definition and components of optimal transition programs, their effectiveness, and costs need be better defined.SummaryBecause of the advancement in medical care, more children with chronic kidney disease are surviving into adulthood. Unplanned transition is risky ...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - June 16, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Outcomes of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and Adolescents —a Live Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewA multisystem inflammatory condition occurring in children and adolescents with COVID-19 has become increasingly recognized and widely studied globally. This review aims to investigate and synthesize evolving evidence on its clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes in pediatric patients.Recent FindingsWe retrieved data from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, WHO COVID-19 Database, Google Scholar, and preprint databases, covering a timeline from December 1, 2019, to July 31, 2021. A total of 123 eligible studies were included in the final descriptive and risk factor analyses. We comprehensi...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - May 6, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Climate Change and Its Effects on Children and Adolescents: a Call to Action
AbstractThis commentary reviews some biological, psychological and social issues related to climate change on infants, children, and adolescents. (Source: Current Pediatrics Reports)
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - March 23, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Long-Term COVID 19 Sequelae in Adolescents: the Overlap with Orthostatic Intolerance and ME/CFS
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo discuss emerging understandings of adolescent long COVID or post-COVID-19 conditions, including proposed clinical definitions, common symptoms, epidemiology, overlaps with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and orthostatic intolerance, and preliminary guidance on management.Recent FindingsThe recent World Health Organization clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition requires a history of probable or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, with symptoms starting within 3 months of the onset of COVID-19. Symptoms must last for at least 2 months and cannot be explained...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - March 9, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Trauma-Informed Care for Hospitalized Adolescents
AbstractPurpose of ReviewExposure to trauma accelerates during the adolescence, and due to increased behavioral and psychiatric vulnerability during this developmental period, traumatic events during this time are more likely to cause a lasting impact. In this article, we use three case studies of hospitalized adolescents to illustrate the application of trauma-informed principles of care with this unique population.Recent FindingsAdolescents today are caught in the crosshairs of two syndemics —racism and other structural inequities and the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased hospitalizations and mental health diagnoses during ...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - March 7, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Long-Term Complications of COVID-19 Infection in Adolescents and Children
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCompared to adults, post-COVID-19 symptoms are uncommon and have not been thoroughly evaluated in children. This review summarizes the literature in terms of persistent symptoms in children and adolescents after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Recent FindingsChildren were less likely to develop long COVID when compared to adults. Older children (e.g., adolescents) and those who had symptomatic COVID-19 had a higher probability for long COVID.SummaryFamilies and health care providers need to be aware of a new constellation of long COVID symptoms in the pediatric population. More evidence and time are needed to...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - February 1, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Treatment of MIS-C in Children and Adolescents
AbstractPurpose of ReviewDifferent treatment approaches have been described for the management of COVID-19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), the pathogenesis of which has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we comprehensively review and summarize the recommendations and management strategies that have been published to date.Recent FindingsMIS-C patients are treated with different regimens, mostly revolving around the use of immunomodulatory medications, including IVIG and glucocorticoids as first-tier therapy. Refractoriness to IVIG and glucocorticoids warrants a step-up of immunomodulatory th...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - January 8, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Paediatric Nephrology in Africa
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe highlight the unique facets of paediatric nephrology in Africa in terms of the spectrum of kidney diseases, available diagnostic and treatment modalities, kidney healthcare financing options, paediatric nephrology manpower and the contribution of geography and demographics.Recent FindingsPaediatric acute kidney injury in Africa is now commonly due to sepsis rather than gastroenteritis. Steroid-sensitive form of nephrotic syndrome is far more common than was two decades ago.SummaryThe hot arid climate in North Africa and the tropical climate in most of sub-Saharan Africa, and the high rate of con...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - October 25, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Short-term Cardiovascular Complications of Multi-system Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) in Adolescents and Children
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe provide the readers with a review of cardiac complications in children with multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and its short-term outcomes.Recent FindingsRecent reports described the acute cardiac manifestations of MIS-C in children and provided a glimpse of the short-term outcomes.SummaryChildren with MIS-C have been reported to acutely have variable degrees of cardiac findings including abnormal cardiac enzymes, abnormal electrocardiographs, decreased systolic function, coronary artery abnormalities from coronary dilation to giant aneurysms, mitral valve regurgitation, tric...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - October 22, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Obesity in Children with Kidney Disease
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe review the epidemiology, aetiology and consequences of obesity in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Recent FindingsCKD in children has traditionally been associated with failure to thrive. However, with increasing global childhood obesity rates, more children with CKD are now overweight than underweight. Recent large cohort studies have allowed a greater understanding of the role of obesity in cardiovascular morbidity and other adverse outcomes in children with CKD.SummaryObesity is common in the paediatric CKD population with a multifactorial aetiology, including exposure to corticoste...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - October 20, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Current Insights Into the Pathophysiology of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe highlight the new clinical entity multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), the progress in understanding its immunopathogenesis, and compare and contrast the clinical and immunologic features of MIS-C with Kawasaki disease (KD).Recent FindingsStudies show immune dysregulation in MIS-C including T lymphocyte depletion and activation, T cell receptor Vbeta skewing, elevated plasmablast frequencies, increased markers of vascular pathology, and decreased numbers and functional profiles of antigen-presenting cells.SummaryMIS-C is a late manifestation of infection with SARS-CoV-2 associa...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - October 19, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
True Resilience: A Look Inside COVID ’s Effect on Children with Medical Complexity and Their Families
AbstractPurpose of ReviewVulnerable children with medical complexity are silent victims of the COVID-19 pandemic, impacted by lack of resources and sick caregivers. In this article, we examine ways in which the pandemic has increased the significant difficulties already experienced by these patients and their families. Increased awareness will lead to improvement in the disparities experienced by this population and improve the ability of healthcare providers to care for them.Recent FindingsThe number of children living with medical complexity is rapidly increasing. They face unique circumstances which can lead to compromi...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - October 9, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
The Role of Telemedicine in Child and Adolescent Healthcare in India
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe highlight the evolution and use of telemedicine in child and adolescent healthcare in India, in pre and post pandemic eras.Recent FindingsThe latest research endorses telemedicine as a successful strategy in resource-limited settings to provide accessible and equitable healthcare.SummaryTelemedicine was initiated in India in 2001. The pandemic restrictions resulted in an increase in its use. The national telemedicine and telepsychiatry guidelines facilitated and enabled its widespread use. Telehealth was used by private and public health establishments, in urban, rural, and remote areas. It was ...
Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - October 8, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
