Purging disorder: recent advances and future challenges
Purpose of review
The present review aims to help specialists remain up-to-date on research from the past 2 years on epidemiology, risk factors, biological correlates, treatment, and outcomes for purging disorder, a DSM-5 other specified feeding and eating disorder.
Recent findings
Purging disorder affects 2.5–4.8% of adolescent females in population-based samples, but purging disorder remains relatively rare in treatment settings. Higher premorbid body mass index, body dissatisfaction, and dieting prospectively predict purging disorder onset. In studies of biological correlates, women with purging disorder demonstr...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - September 26, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: EATING DISORDERS: Edited by Hans W. Hoek and Anna Keski-Rahkonen Source Type: research
Eating disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder
Purpose of review
Childhood maltreatment is associated with all types of eating disorders. We provide a systematic review of the recent literature on comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with eating disorders, and focus on prevalence, relationship with symptom severity, operating mechanisms and treatment.
Recent findings
The prevalence of comorbid PTSD in patients with eating disorders ranges from 9 to 24%, with research suggesting that comorbid PTSD is associated with more severe eating disorder symptoms. Maladaptive emotional regulation strategies may mediate the relationship between PTSD and ea...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - September 26, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: EATING DISORDERS: Edited by Hans W. Hoek and Anna Keski-Rahkonen Source Type: research
Disordered eating after bariatric surgery: clinical aspects, impact on outcomes, and intervention strategies
We describe DEBs most relevant to this population, their associations with weight outcomes, and emerging data on interventions for DEBs.
Recent findings
Loss of control eating episodes and grazing have been the most well studied DEBs in bariatric samples. Although DEBs often remit after surgery even without targeted intervention, a subgroup of patients have persistent or newly developed DEBs postoperatively. Preoperative DEBs have little effect on weight outcomes, whereas preoperative impulse control-related features commonly associated with DEBs (e.g., inhibitory control) may have stronger predictive value. Postoperati...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - September 26, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: EATING DISORDERS: Edited by Hans W. Hoek and Anna Keski-Rahkonen Source Type: research
Treatment delivery strategies for eating disorders
Purpose of review
The traditional model of treatment delivery, based on a psychotherapeutic intervention delivered by a trained professional, in a one-to-one relationship, occurring in a treatment setting context (e.g., clinic, private office, and hospital), highly restricts access to the best standards of care to all of those in need.
In this article, we will be focusing on treatment delivering methods for eating disorders that depart from the traditional mode of delivery. We will focus on the use of self-help strategies, both in a pure self-help format, and with external minimal support, guided self-help. We will addi...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - September 26, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: EATING DISORDERS: Edited by Hans W. Hoek and Anna Keski-Rahkonen Source Type: research
The promise of neurobiological research in anorexia nervosa
This article reviews new research in the context of existing literature to identify approaches that will advance understanding of the persistence of anorexia nervosa.
Recent findings
Neuroscience research in anorexia nervosa has yielded disparate findings: no definitive neural mechanism underlying illness vulnerability or persistence has been identified and no clear neural target for intervention has emerged. Recent advances using structural and functional neuroimaging research, as well as new techniques for applying and combining these approaches, have led to a refined understanding of changes in neural architecture am...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - September 26, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: EATING DISORDERS: Edited by Hans W. Hoek and Anna Keski-Rahkonen Source Type: research
Gonadal hormone contributions to individual differences in eating disorder risk
Purpose of review
Females experience eating disorders at substantially higher rates than males. Although sociocultural factors have traditionally been thought to underlie this sex disparity, accumulating evidence implicates differential exposure to gonadal hormones early in life. Gonadal hormones also impact within-sex variability in disordered eating, helping to explain why not all women develop an eating disorder, and some men do. We review recent findings regarding these gonadal hormone effects and their implications for the etiology of eating disorders.
Recent findings
Males are exposed to significantly higher tes...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - September 26, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: EATING DISORDERS: Edited by Hans W. Hoek and Anna Keski-Rahkonen Source Type: research
Neuroimaging and eating disorders
Purpose of review
Eating disorders are severe psychiatric disorders with a suspected complex biopsychosocial cause. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the recent literature on brain imaging in eating disorders.
Recent findings
Food restriction as well as binge eating and purging behaviors are associated with lower regional brain volumes or cortical thickness, but those changes largely return to normal with normalization of weight and eating behavior. Computational modeling has started to identify patterns of structural and functional imaging data that classify eating disorder subtypes, which could be used in ...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - September 26, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: EATING DISORDERS: Edited by Hans W. Hoek and Anna Keski-Rahkonen Source Type: research
Eating disorder animal model
Purpose of review
The aim of this review is to describe animal models that simulate the features of eating disorders. The literature pertaining to animal models that are of relevance for clinical eating disorders and the possible underpinning mechanisms was reviewed using PubMed, Ovid database and Google Scholar.
Recent findings
New refinements of the circuits regulated by neurotransmitters and neuropeptides which instigate eating behaviours and the various feedback pathways which monitor acute and chronic nutrient status continue to be discovered. Moreover, work with the animal models that simulate the behavioural fe...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - September 26, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: EATING DISORDERS: Edited by Hans W. Hoek and Anna Keski-Rahkonen Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry)
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - September 26, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
Dementia care in high-income countries
Purpose of review
To identify recent advances in the field of dementia care in high-income countries.
Recent findings
New national and international initiatives identified support the notion of an increased commitment to face the challenge of dementia care. Recent research has documented barriers and facilitators to provide good care, and provided data on the specific needs of caregivers; the needs for better training of general practitioners; the negative influence of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD); the palliative care needs; and the increased risk of dementia associated with anxiety (the p...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - August 6, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY: Edited by Orestes Forlenza and Claudia Cooper Source Type: research
Dementia care in low and middle-income countries
Purpose of review
Recent reports from low and middle-income countries (LMICs) on the care of person with dementia (PWD).
Recent findings
Detection of PWDs in the community in LMICs is still problematic because of inappropriate screening questionnaires. Early diagnosis of dementia is also handicapped by lack of awareness, knowledge and stigma. The family is the main caregiver in LMICs and there is a paucity of community dementia services.
Summary
In LMICs, the burden of care of PWDs rests on the family and there is an urgent need to improve and expand community services. The digital media could be a platform for e-l...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - August 6, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY: Edited by Orestes Forlenza and Claudia Cooper Source Type: research
Effects of chronic physical illness on treatment outcomes among patients with schizophrenia
Purpose of review
Previous research has demonstrated the high prevalence of medical comorbidity and multimorbidity among patients with schizophrenia. However, little is known regarding the potential effects of chronic physical illness (CPI) on schizophrenia treatment outcomes. In the present report, we aim to provide an updated review of the relevant literature.
Recent findings
We searched MEDLINE for studies published between 2017 and 2018. After screening 683 articles, we included six studies of adequate quality. Five of these studies reported significant associations between several CPIs and different schizophrenia...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - August 6, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: PSYCHIATRY, MEDICINE AND THE BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES: Edited by Mohan Isaac and Igor Filipcic Source Type: research
Progress in psycho-oncology with special reference to developing countries
Purpose of review
Psycho-oncology has completed 25 years. There is growing recognition of the psychosocial needs of persons living with cancer and the role of sociocultural factors in addressing the needs. This review addresses the research in developing countries relating to distress associated with living with cancer and psychosocial care.
Recent findings
There is growing recognition of the emotional needs, understanding of the sociocultural aspects of the emotional responses of persons, caregivers, role of resilience and posttraumatic growth and spirituality in cancer care. Psychosocial aspects of cancer are largel...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - August 6, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: PSYCHIATRY, MEDICINE AND THE BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES: Edited by Mohan Isaac and Igor Filipcic Source Type: research
Personality disorders and physical comorbidities: a complex relationship
This article reviews recent reports about the comorbidity of personality disorders and nonpsychiatric medical problems, which call into question the adequacy of the mind-body dichotomy in medicine.
Recent findings
The strong association of any personality disorders with poor health in cross-sectional and community-based studies is now confirmed by personality disorder predicting future deterioration in longitudinal studies. Borderline personality disorder has been studied most frequently, but recent data suggest that severity of any personality disorder is associated with poor and worsening health.
Summary
Personalit...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - August 6, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: PSYCHIATRY, MEDICINE AND THE BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES: Edited by Mohan Isaac and Igor Filipcic Source Type: research
Anxiety disorders and medical illness comorbidity and treatment implications
Purpose of review
To review recent studies which assess comorbidity, that is, prevalence of co-occurrence, relationships and treatment implications between anxiety disorders and various medical illnesses.
Recent findings
The prevalence rates of anxiety disorders in patients with medical illnesses are high, with percentage up to 29% in patients with epilepsy, 48.9% in patients with multiple sclerosis, 30.1% in patients with Parkinson's disease, 30% in patients with cardiovascular disease, 47.0% in patients with diabetes mellitus, and so on. The most prevalent anxiety disorders among individuals with somatic illnesses a...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - August 6, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: PSYCHIATRY, MEDICINE AND THE BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES: Edited by Mohan Isaac and Igor Filipcic Source Type: research
