Recovery in borderline personality disorder: time for optimism and focussed treatment strategies
Purpose of review
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is prevalent, debilitating and clinically challenging. The evolving field of intervention and outcomes in BPD research is considered with a focus on recent research.
Recent findings
A pattern of clinical and functional improvement is to be expected in patients experiencing BPD. Specialized psychotherapies are shown to be beneficial, but generalist, low-intensity interventions in nonspecialized centres are also showing efficacy. Long-term naturalistic studies show that remission of the disorder is common and promising outcomes are not only possible, but likely. Tr...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - November 28, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: PERSONALITY DISORDERS: Edited by Aleksandar Janca and Charles B. Pull Source Type: research
What's old is new again: updated findings on personality disorders and substance use disorders
Purpose of review
Personality disorders, mental disorders marked by long-term deviations from societal expectations that cause distress, and substance use and related disorders (SUDs), mental disorders marked by engaging with substances or behaviors that activate the brain's reward system to the point that normal activities are neglected, are common debilitating conditions. Personality disorders and SUDs are highly comorbid, potentially resistant to treatment, and their presence increases all-cause mortality, particularly when found together.
Recent findings
The present review highlights the most notable findings on p...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - November 28, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: PERSONALITY DISORDERS: Edited by Aleksandar Janca and Charles B. Pull Source Type: research
Recent neuro-imaging findings with respect to conduct disorder, callous-unemotional traits and psychopathy
Purpose of review
To review recent neuro-imaging findings with respect to conduct disorder and callous-unemotional traits in childhood and comparable psychopathy in adult-hood that deepen the literature in important ways.
Recent findings
Recent structural findings particularly bring clarity to the literature. First, they reinforce previous work indicating that severity of psychopathy is positively associated with extent of cavum septum pellucidum. This suggests psychopathy is associated with early neurodevelopmental disruption within limbic structures. Second, they clarify the direction of the association between cond...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - November 28, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: PERSONALITY DISORDERS: Edited by Aleksandar Janca and Charles B. Pull Source Type: research
Editorial: Arrangement for personality disorder in the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry)
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - November 28, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: PERSONALITY DISORDERS: Edited by Aleksandar Janca and Charles B. Pull Source Type: research
Cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system in anxiety, depression, and dysregulation of emotion in humans
Purpose of review
This review is to summarize most recent evidence published in the last 18 months on medical and recreational use of cannabis and cannabinoids in relation to anxiety, depression (unipolar and bipolar), and dysregulation of emotions as part of posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) and emotionally instable personality disorders. It also covers the investigation of endocannabinoids as potential biomarkers in these conditions. This is important with increasing medicinal use of cannabinoids and growing social tolerance towards recreational cannabis use.
Recent findings
There is some recent evidence suggest...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - November 28, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS: Edited by Sidney H. Kennedy and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen Source Type: research
Problems with defining cannabis dependence
Purpose of review
Cannabis enjoys a unique social status, widely perceived as a relatively harmless drug, with several benefits reported by the people who use it. Several jurisdictions have opened up access to cannabis to their populations for medicinal and/or recreational reasons. Given this changing regulatory environment, this article is intended to prompt debate about what is known about cannabis dependence and what has still to be revealed.
Recent findings
Evidence suggests that 1 in 10 cannabis users are at risk of developing dependence. However, investigation of the way risk is estimated and the diagnosis of ca...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - November 28, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS: Edited by Sidney H. Kennedy and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen Source Type: research
Does cannabis use increase anxiety disorders? A literature review
Purpose of review
Cannabis is widely used worldwide and cannabis use disorders are highly comorbid with anxiety disorders. In this review, we consider the recent literature on the effects of cannabis on the incidence, course, and treatment outcomes of anxiety disorders.
Recent findings
Although cannabis use is mostly found to be associated with increased incidence of anxiety disorders, these findings are generally not sustained in adjusted analyses controlling for multiple confounders. There are some equivocal data suggesting higher risk for anxiety disorders among heavy cannabis users. The scarce data available indic...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - November 28, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS: Edited by Sidney H. Kennedy and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen Source Type: research
The role of cannabis in treating anxiety: an update
Purpose of review
Cannabis use for medical purposes has become increasingly common, including as treatment for mental health disorders such as anxiety. Unfortunately, the evidence examining its use in mental health has been slow to evolve, but is emerging. Given the widespread use of cannabis, it is important for both clinicians and those who suffer with anxiety to understand the effects of cannabis on symptoms of anxiety. In this review, we present recent, available evidence from animal models, clinical trials, and survey studies and evaluate the contribution of these studies to the current understanding of the role of ...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - November 28, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS: Edited by Sidney H. Kennedy and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry)
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - November 28, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
Planning and enabling meaningful patient and public involvement in dementia research
Purpose of review
To summarize the latest evidence on patient and public involvement (PPI) in dementia research. To identify methodologies used to deliver and evaluate co-production, potential barriers to involvement, and effective strategies to enable meaningful involvement of PPI representatives in dementia research.
Recent findings
PPI expertise in dementia research has been utilized to increase the acceptability of new interventions to end users and to interpret research findings from a PPI perspective. Practical adaptations to materials and meetings, and building relationships and trust were important facilitator...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - September 26, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY: Edited by Orestes Forlenza and Claudia Cooper Source Type: research
Mental health disparities, mechanisms, and intervention strategies: perspective from Hawai‘i
Purpose of review
Although there is a growing body of literature describing the scope and impact of mental health disparities, there is relatively less literature focused on youth and on interventions that are grounded in the cultures of youth most significantly affected by disparities. From the perspective of Hawai‘i, one of the world's most diverse communities where disparities nonetheless exist, the authors review the varieties of diversity encountered in psychiatry and healthcare, specific youth mental health disparities, and examples of locally tailored solutions.
Recent findings
Mental health disparities are b...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - September 26, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY: Edited by Richa Bhatia Source Type: research
Preventive parent–young child interaction interventions to promote optimal attachment
Purpose of review
Quality of attachment relationships is believed to be an important early indicator of infant mental health as it is considered a vital component of social and emotional development in the early years. As a result, there has been a growing call for the development of early intervention attachment research programs. In this brief overview, we summarize what we consider to be the state-of-the-art of intervention programs targeted to increase the prevalence of secure attachment and to reduce the level of disorganized attachment among infants with a wide range of psychological risks.
Recent findings
The t...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - September 26, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY: Edited by Richa Bhatia Source Type: research
Social media, internet use and suicide attempts in adolescents
Purpose of review
Suicide is the second leading cause of death in youth aged 10–24 years old globally, but detecting those at risk is challenging. Novel preventive strategies with wide influence across populations are required. Interest in the potential for both detrimental and supportive influences of social media/internet use on suicidal behaviour has been growing; however, the relationship remains unclear.
Recent findings
A systematic search of articles from database inception up to 25 January 2019 across five databases: Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, HMIC and CINAHL revealed nine independent studies investigating so...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - September 26, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY: Edited by Richa Bhatia Source Type: research
Early life stress: update on neurophysiologic effects and treatment
Purpose of review
Recent research on childhood trauma has focused on the effects of in-utero and early life stress (ELS) as well as improving access to care. This review includes the previous year's clinically relevant research with attention to gaps that require further research that should improve patient care.
Recent findings
The current article focuses on the latest understanding of ELS effects on the neuroendocrine, inflammatory, immune, and neurologic systems, as well as epigenetic effects with a focus on research examining sex-specific differences. Resilience and innovative treatment delivery models are reviewe...
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - September 26, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY: Edited by Richa Bhatia Source Type: research
Editorial: prevention in child and adolescent psychiatry
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry)
Source: Current Opinion in Psychiatry - September 26, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Tags: CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY: Edited by Richa Bhatia Source Type: research
