Ending the HIV epidemic for all, not just some: structural racism as a fundamental but overlooked social-structural determinant of the US HIV epidemic
Purpose of review
We review the recent theoretical and empirical literature on structural racism, social determinants of health frameworks within the context of HIV prevention and treatment, and criticism of the national responses to the US epidemic.
Recent findings
In line with growing mainstream attention to the role of structural racism and health inequities, recent editorials and studies cite ending structural racism as an essential step to ending the US HIV epidemic. Recent studies demonstrate that barriers rooted in structural racism such as incarceration, housing instability, police discrimination, neighb...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - February 28, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES: Edited by Karine Dubé and Judith D. Auerbach Source Type: research
Editorial: Critical social and behavioral sciences perspectives on ending the HIV epidemic
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS)
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - February 28, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES: Edited by Karine Dubé and Judith D. Auerbach Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS)
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - February 28, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
Fostemsavir: a first-in-class HIV-1 attachment inhibitor
Purpose of review
Fostemsavir is a recently Food and Drug Administration-approved HIV-1 attachment inhibitor that binds to HIV-1 gp120 and prevents viral attachment to the cellular CD4 receptor. Here, we review the pharmacology, efficacy, tolerability, and resistance profile of fostemsavir.
Recent findings
Fostemsavir is well tolerated and maintains virologic activity in individuals harboring multidrug-resistant HIV-1. In conjunction with optimal background therapy, a majority of heavily treatment-experienced clinical trial participants treated with fostemsavir achieved virologic suppression.
Summary
The ...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 8, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: NEW DRUGS: Edited by Charles W. Flexner and Angela Kashuba Source Type: research
A new paradigm for antiretroviral delivery: long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine for the treatment and prevention of HIV
Purpose of review
Cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RPV) is the first long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (ART) option approved for virologically suppressed adults with HIV-1. In addition, long-acting CAB is a promising agent for HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This review focuses on phase 3 clinical trial results and implementation considerations for these long-acting ART and PrEP strategies.
Recent findings
Long-acting CAB and RPV administered every 4 weeks demonstrated noninferiority to oral ART through week 96 in both the ATLAS and FLAIR studies, whereas ATLAS-2M found similar efficacy throug...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 8, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: NEW DRUGS: Edited by Charles W. Flexner and Angela Kashuba Source Type: research
Lenacapavir: a first-in-class HIV-1 capsid inhibitor
Purpose of review
This review summarizes available data for lenacapavir, an investigational first-in-class agent that disrupts functioning of HIV capsid protein across multiple steps in the viral life cycle.
Recent findings
Lenacapavir demonstrated picomolar potency in vitro with no cross resistance to existing antiretroviral classes and potent antiviral activity in persons with HIV-1. In persons with HIV-1, there was no preexisting resistance to lenacapavir regardless of treatment history. Lenacapavir can be administered orally either daily or weekly and subcutaneously up to every 6 months. In heavily treatme...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 8, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: NEW DRUGS: Edited by Charles W. Flexner and Angela Kashuba Source Type: research
Doravirine: its role in HIV treatment
Purpose of review
We reviewed evidence concerning the novel nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor doravirine, aiming to identify situations where it may be selected in preference to integrase inhibitors.
Recent findings
Doravirine is licenced for the treatment of HIV-1 in North America and Europe. In two multicentre randomized controlled trials, noninferiority with comparator drugs efavirenz and darunavir/ritonavir was observed at 96 weeks. Doravirine is associated with a lower incidence of neuropsychiatric side effects relative to efavirenz, and favourable lipid changes relative to darunavir over 96â€...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 8, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: NEW DRUGS: Edited by Charles W. Flexner and Angela Kashuba Source Type: research
Editorial: New drugs for HIV: quo vadis?
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS)
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 8, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: NEW DRUGS: Edited by Charles W. Flexner and Angela Kashuba Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS)
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 8, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
An update on neuropsychiatric adverse effects with second-generation integrase inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Purpose of review
Neuropsychiatric adverse effects (NPAE) associated with integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are a growing concern, with higher rates in the real-world compared to phase III trials. This paper reviews the incidence, risk factors, and management of NPAE with second-generation INSTIs, INSTI/rilpivirine dual therapy, and doravirine.
Recent findings
Recent cohort data confirm up to 8% NPAE-associated discontinuations for dolutegravir; NPAE with dolutegravir/rilpivirine therapy are higher than with dolutegravir alone, whereas bicte...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 5, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: TOXICITY PROFILE OF CURRENT ART: Edited by Zelalem Temesgen Source Type: research
Renal adverse drug reactions
Purpose of review
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in people living with HIV (PLWH) and is related to a multitude of factors. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the most recent evidence of renal adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs, predictors of CKD risk and areas for future research.
Recent findings
Advancing age, cardiometabolic risk factors and adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs contribute to the higher prevalence of CKD in PLWH. Genetic factors and baseline clinical CKD risk are strongly correlated to risk of incident CKD, although it is unclear to what extent gene polymorphis...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 5, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: TOXICITY PROFILE OF CURRENT ART: Edited by Zelalem Temesgen Source Type: research
The intersection of drug interactions and adverse reactions in contemporary antiretroviral therapy
Purpose of review
Advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have transformed HIV infection into a chronic and manageable condition. The introduction of potent and more tolerable antiretrovirals (ARVs) with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles has changed the prevalence and nature of drug–drug interactions (DDIs). Here, we review the relevance of DDIs in the era of contemporary ART.
Recent findings
Management of DDIs remains an important challenge with modern ART, primarily due to increased polypharmacy in older persons living with HIV. Significant DDIs exist between boosted ARVs or older nonnucleoside reverse tra...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 5, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: TOXICITY PROFILE OF CURRENT ART: Edited by Zelalem Temesgen Source Type: research
Cardiovascular toxicity of contemporary antiretroviral therapy
Purpose of review
HIV treatment has evolved since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the 1990s. Earlier treatment strategies, and the introduction of integrase inhibitors in preferred first-line ART have fundamentally changed cardiovascular side effects due to HIV infection and ART. This review provides an update on cardiovascular toxicity of contemporary ART.
Recent findings
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, including heart failure, is still increased in people living with HIV (PLWH). Exposure to older antiretrovirals, including stavudine and zidovudine, still impact on CVD risk through persis...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 5, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: TOXICITY PROFILE OF CURRENT ART: Edited by Zelalem Temesgen Source Type: research
Hepatotoxicity of contemporary antiretroviral drugs
Purpose of review
To date, more than 30 antiretroviral drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of HIV infection. As new drugs with better efficacy and safety profile become available for clinical practice, older drugs are either withdrawn from the market or become no longer actively prescribed. We review hepatotoxicity associated with contemporary antiretroviral drugs, with emphasis on data from the past 3 years.
Recent findings
Although less robust data exists for side effects of contemporary antiretroviral medications recently approved for the management of HIV (i.e., dor...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 5, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: TOXICITY PROFILE OF CURRENT ART: Edited by Zelalem Temesgen Source Type: research
Editorial introduction
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS)
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 5, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
