Editorial introduction
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS)
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - March 1, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION Source Type: research
Structural basis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection
Purpose of review
The spike glycoprotein plays a critical role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by recognizing the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and mediating fusion of the viral envelope with the cell membrane. It is also the major target for neutralizing antibodies and vaccines. This review summarizes recent studies on the structure and function of spike glycoprotein, which revealed the structural basis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Recent findings
SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, similar to those of SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, ...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 15, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID/HIV: Edited by R. Brad Jones Source Type: research
The interplay between HIV and COVID-19: summary of the data and responses to date
Conclusion
COVID-19 is threatening gains against the HIV epidemic, including the U.S. Ending the HIV Epidemic goals. The ongoing collision of these two global pandemics will continue to need both study and interventions to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on HIV efforts worldwide. (Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS)
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 15, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID/HIV: Edited by R. Brad Jones Source Type: research
The first 6 months of HIV-SARS-CoV-2 coinfection: outcomes for 6947 individuals
Purpose of review
The aim of this review is to summarize the clinical outcomes of people living with HIV (PWH) coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Recent findings
Several reports from single centers have described increased, decreased, or no difference in outcomes of COVID-19 in PWH. These studies have come from a range of locations, each with different underlying HIV prevalence and access to various antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. Differences in healthcare quality, access and policies may also affect reported outcomes in PWH across different locations, making ...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 15, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID/HIV: Edited by R. Brad Jones Source Type: research
Hidden in plain sight: sex and gender in global pandemics
Purpose of review
The global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory virus coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a male bias in mortality likely driven by both gender and sex-based differences between male and female individuals. This is consistent with sex and gender-based features of HIV infection and overlap between the two diseases will highlight potential mechanistic pathways of disease and guide research questions and policy interventions. In this review, the emerging findings from SARS-CoV-2 infection will be placed in the context of sex and gender research in the more mature HIV epidemic.
Recent findings
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Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 15, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID/HIV: Edited by R. Brad Jones Source Type: research
The single-cell landscape of immunological responses of CD4+ T cells in HIV versus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Purpose of review
CD4+ T cell loss is the hallmark of uncontrolled HIV-1 infection. Strikingly, CD4+ T cell depletion is a strong indicator for disease severity in the recently emerged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We reviewed recent single-cell immune profiling studies in HIV-1 infection and COVID-19 to provide critical insight in virus-induced immunopathogenesis.
Recent findings
Cytokine dysregulation in HIV-1 leads to chronic inflammation, while severe SARS-CoV-2 infection induces cytokine release syndrome and increased m...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 15, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID/HIV: Edited by R. Brad Jones Source Type: research
COVID-19 antibody development fueled by HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody research
Purpose of review
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caught the world unprepared, with no prevention or treatment strategies in place. In addition to the efforts to develop an effective vaccine, alternative approaches are essential to control this pandemic, which will most likely require multiple readily available solutions. Among them, monoclonal anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies have been isolated by multiple laboratories in record time facilitated by techniques that were first pioneered for HIV-1 antibody discovery. Here, we summarize how lessons learned f...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 15, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID/HIV: Edited by R. Brad Jones Source Type: research
Molecular epidemiology in the HIV and SARS-CoV-2 pandemics
Purpose of review
The aim of this review was to compare and contrast the application of molecular epidemiology approaches for the improved management and understanding of the HIV versus SARS-CoV-2 epidemics.
Recent findings
Molecular biology approaches, including PCR and whole genome sequencing (WGS), have become powerful tools for epidemiological investigation. PCR approaches form the basis for many high-sensitivity diagnostic tests and can supplement traditional contact tracing and surveillance strategies to define risk networks and transmission patterns. WGS approaches can further define the causative agents ...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 15, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID/HIV: Edited by R. Brad Jones Source Type: research
Adaptation of advanced clinical virology assays from HIV-1 to SARS-CoV-2
Purpose of review
In response to the HIV–AIDS pandemic, great strides have been made in developing molecular methods that accurately quantify nucleic acid products of HIV-1 at different stages of viral replication and to assess HIV-1 sequence diversity and its effect on susceptibility to small molecule inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies. Here, we review how knowledge gained from these approaches, including viral RNA quantification and sequence analyses, have been rapidly applied to study SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Recent findings
Recent studies have shown detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in blood of ...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 15, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID/HIV: Edited by R. Brad Jones Source Type: research
Editorial: On two fronts: synergies and costs at the interface of responses to two global viral pandemics
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS)
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 15, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID/HIV: Edited by R. Brad Jones Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS)
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - December 15, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
Coronavirus disease-19 vaccine development utilizing promising technology
Purpose of review
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic pneumonia-causing disease, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, resulting in millions of deaths globally. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 may coexist with human populations for a long time. Therefore, high-effective COVID-19 vaccines are an urgent need.
Recent findings
Vaccines help in the development of long-lasting humoral or cellular immunity, or both, by exposing individuals to antigens that induce an immunological response and memory prior to infections with live pathogens. N...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 6, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID19: Edited by Zhiwei Chen and Linqui Zhang Source Type: research
Early diagnosis and population prevention of coronavirus disease 2019
Purpose of review
To discuss the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by nucleic acid and antibody testing as well as its contribution to mitigating the spread of coronavirus disease 2019.
Recent findings
Nucleic acid testing (NAT) is the firstly developed and most widely used diagnostic technique for SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 RNA NAT assays is always unsatisfactory, mainly due to insufficient viral RNA in samples, especially when upper respiratory samples were used. Compared with NAT assays, serological tests are more convenient and les...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 6, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID19: Edited by Zhiwei Chen and Linqui Zhang Source Type: research
HIV care during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic in Shenzhen, China
This article share the experience unprecedented from Shenzhen. We have to adapt our care and service to continue to engage PLWH to avoid poor outcomes. More research is needed to know the long-term implications of pandemic for the health of PLWH. (Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS)
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 6, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID19: Edited by Zhiwei Chen and Linqui Zhang Source Type: research
Treatment of coronavirus disease 2019
Purpose of review
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious and potentially lethal pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). No specific antiviral treatment is currently available. The purpose of this review is to highlight the main repurposed drug treatments with in-vitro or in-vivo efficacy against the SARS-CoV-2.
Recent findings
Recent clinical trials suggested remdesivir, IFN-β-1b and favipiravir have potential clinical and/or virological benefits on patients with COVID-19. Short course of stress dose of corticosteroids might be used as adjunctive treatm...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 6, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: COVID19: Edited by Zhiwei Chen and Linqui Zhang Source Type: research
