Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Immunology of HPV Infection
Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the genital tract is common in young sexually active individuals, the majority of whom clear the infection without overt clinical disease. However, most of those who develop benign lesions eventually mount an effective cell-mediated immune response and the lesions regress. Regression of anogenital warts is accompanied histologically by a CD4+ T cell-dominated Th1 response, and animal models support this and provide evidence that the response is modulated by antigen-specific CD4+ T cell-dependent mechanisms. Failure to develop effective CMI to clear or contr...
Source: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports - September 26, 2015 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Testing for Secondary Prevention of Cervical Cancer
Abstract The strong causal association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer led to the development of HPV detection tests as alternatives to cytology. Several cross-sectional studies evaluated the HPV detection tests in a variety of settings. The pooled sensitivity of HPV test for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+ and 3+ diseases was 90 and 95 %, respectively, in these studies. Randomized controlled studies demonstrated substantially higher detection rates of CIN 2+ and 3+ lesions than cytology in the baseline round of screening. In subsequent rounds of screening,...
Source: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports - September 24, 2015 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research

The Impact of Diabetes on Gynecologic Cancer: Current Status and Future Directions
Abstract Diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions in both the USA and worldwide with most authorities reporting a doubling in the prevalence of diabetes over the last 20–30 years. While this epidemic is closely tied to obesity, diabetes mellitus presents potential clinical challenges over and above that observed with obesity alone. From a women’s healthcare prospective, this rise in diabetes may impact a woman’s health across her lifespan. More specifically, diabetes impacts not only pregnancy as well as other medical conditions but increases the risk for the development of various malign...
Source: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports - September 23, 2015 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research

Tobacco Use and Outcomes in Gynecologic Malignancy
Abstract Tobacco use remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Tobacco contains many carcinogens as well as nicotine, which contributes to the development of multiple malignancies. In addition to malignancies of the head and neck, several gynecologic malignancies have been associated with tobacco use including cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancers. Additionally, tobacco is associated with worse prognosis and increased rate of complications in gynecologic cancer patients of all disease sites. Recent literature in the area of tobacco use and gynecologic malignancy is highlighted in t...
Source: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports - September 23, 2015 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research

Extraperitoneal Lymphadenectomy in the Management of Gynecologic Cancer
Abstract The role of lymphadenectomy in the management of gynecologic malignancies has evolved as we have come to better understand the limitations of our current diagnostic tests and treatment paradigms for node-positive disease. The optimal surgical approach to lymphadenectomy is one that minimizes operative morbidity, permits rapid postoperative recovery, and leads to prompt initiation of adjuvant therapy without compromising oncologic outcomes. Initially, node status was assessed using a transperitoneal approach by laparotomy. However, the high complication rate associated with this procedure, particu...
Source: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports - July 21, 2015 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research

Minimally Invasive Surgery in Gynecology: Underutilized?
Abstract Minimally invasive gynecologic surgery encompasses vaginal, laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted surgery. In this review, we highlight the current use of laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgery in benign and oncologic gynecology and explore whether utilization is optimal. Given the many benefits associated with minimally invasive surgery, including fewer perioperative complications, less blood loss, and faster recovery times, it is critical to offer as many gynecologic surgery patients as possible a minimally invasive approach. (Source: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports)
Source: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports - July 16, 2015 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research

HIV and HPV as Fatal Partners
Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the commonest sexually transmitted infection globally. Many other types of sexually transmitted infections have been considered as co-factors for HPV infection, ranging from Neisseria gonorrhoeae to Chlamydia trachomatis to herpes simplex 2, to name a few. HPV infection, persistent infection with high-risk types, infection with multiple types as well as cervical cancer and its precursors are known to be more prevalent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women. Whether HPV infection stimulates transmission of HIV is still controversial but if this...
Source: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports - July 10, 2015 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping in Gynecologic Cancers
Abstract Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping has emerged as a promising alternative to comprehensive surgical staging of endometrial, cervical, and vulvar cancers. For cervical and endometrial cancer, cervical injection of indocyanin green dye and/or radiocolloid has resulted in high rates of bilateral SLN identification. Although feasible and safe, prospective trials have not yet clearly determined the false negative rate of SLN mapping for cervical and endometrial cancers. For this reason, SLN mapping has not yet achieved widespread acceptance. In vulvar cancer, prospective trials have demonstrated the sa...
Source: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports - July 9, 2015 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research

Does Any Imaging Method Allow Distinguishing Between Myoma and Sarcoma?
Abstract Myomas are the most common benign tumors of the uterus and can be found in 77 % of all hysterectomies, whereas uterine sarcoma is a very rare disease with a poor prognosis. The clinical characteristics of uterine fibroids and sarcoma are often similar. A history of pelvic irradiation, lung metastases, and missing response to different fibroid treatments can give hints toward uterine sarcoma. A spectrum of MRI findings has been described, but there are no pathognomonic features on any imaging technique. (Source: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports)
Source: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports - July 5, 2015 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research

Preventing Complications in Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery
Abstract Laparoscopic gynecologic surgery is associated with several potential complications. Over 50 % of complications occur during the initial entry into the abdomen. No consensus has been reached on the optimal entry technique. When difficulty is expected, Palmer’s point may be used as the entry point, and blunt conical trocars are recommended. One of the most feared intraoperative complications of laparoscopic gynecologic surgery is damage to the lower urinary tract. Lateral thermal spread from energy sources has been postulated to be one possible mechanism. After surgery, for port sites over 10 ...
Source: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports - July 4, 2015 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research

Gestational DM and Diet Control
Abstract Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common pregnancy complications. Diet therapy is one of the important parts of treatment. Many studies reported appropriate nutrition intake is beneficial for glycemic control and prevention of related adverse perinatal outcome. This review provides an overview of the dietary intervention of pregnant women with GDM. (Source: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports)
Source: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports - May 2, 2015 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research

Uterine Morcellation in Pelvic Organ Prolapse Procedures
Abstract Electromechanical, or power, morcellators have come under scrutiny because of the iatrogenic dissemination of both benign and malignant tissues. The rapidly rotating blade of morcellators can result in inadvertent seeding of the abdominal cavity with fragmented tissue such as leiomyomas, endometriosis, adenomyosis, splenic and ovarian tissues, and occult malignancies. Of particular concern is the dissemination of unsuspected uterine cancers that may not be diagnosed through preoperative screening. Alternatives to power morcellation for tissue extraction include removal through the vagina and thro...
Source: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports - April 15, 2015 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research

Use of Ultrasound Imaging in Pelvic Organ Prolapse: an Overview
Abstract Pelvic floor ultrasonography has emerged as a procedure that is accurate, easy to perform, cost-effective, and widely available. Numerous studies have been published that demonstrate its potential applications in the assessment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Despite the current lack of standardization of techniques and validation studies, use of ultrasound holds promise for aiding the clinician in making surgical decisions and understanding causes of operative failures in POP. Three-dimensional and four-dimensional transperineal and endovaginal ultrasound (3D/4D-TPUS and EVUS) can provide detail...
Source: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports - April 11, 2015 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research

Evolving Surgical Treatment Approaches for Fecal Incontinence in Women
This article will review the evidence-based approach for the traditional surgical procedures as well as more recently developed procedural options for the surgical management of FI. (Source: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports)
Source: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports - April 10, 2015 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research

Vaginally Placed Meshes: A Review of Their Complications, Risk Factors, and Management
Abstract With the aging population, the number of women who will undergo surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is increasing dramatically. Pelvic reconstructive surgeries for genital prolapse have been shown significant improvement in quality of life and prolapse-related symptoms. With improving the surgical techniques and introducing synthetic mesh, more women undergo repairs of POP recently. However, with the increasing use of mesh in pelvic reconstructive surgery, there has been an increase in the number of patients seeking care for mesh-related complications. There has been a recent surge in the lit...
Source: Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports - April 10, 2015 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research