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ADHD and the Development of Depression: Commentary on the Prevalence, Proposed Mechanisms, and Promising Interventions
AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been identified as a significant risk factor for the development of later depression. Furthermore, their comorbid presentation results in greater levels of impairment than either disorder in isolation. Research has pointed to several causal mechanisms by which ADHD co-occurs with depression including the persistence of ADHD symptoms, reward responsivity, and emotion dysregulation as well as parenting/family factors and maternal depression. Stemming from this mechanistic research, interventions have been developed in recent years that aim to prevent depression in y...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - February 26, 2017 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

On the Right Side of History: Community-Based Participatory Research and People with Developmental Disabilities
AbstractCommunity-based participatory research fosters more socially just and higher quality science. Strong collaborations between scientists and community members with developmental disabilities throughout all phases of research allows scientists to draw on insights into lived experiences to create research that is increasingly innovative, holistic, accurate, and accessible. These dynamics engender greater feelings of respect among research populations thereby encouraging their research participation; they also promote research better able to lead to knowledge translation. Equally as important, community-based participat...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - February 22, 2017 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

New and Future Challenges Concerning the Use of Virtual Reality Tools for Assessing ADHD
ConclusionsWhile measures using virtual reality tools have shown effectiveness in some previous studies, their characteristics, applicability, and future challenges concerning their use are presented here. (Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports)
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - February 17, 2017 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

ADHD and Depression: the Role of Poor Frustration Tolerance
This article aims to review those limitations and propose that by examining a specific type of emotion dysregulation, poor frustration tolerance, we may gain critical insight into the mechanisms underlying ADHD and depression. We discuss the construct of frustration, its neural basis and evidence that poor frustration tolerance is a key impairment in children with ADHD. We conclude by suggesting that poor frustration tolerance may be a key mechanism underlying the relationship between ADHD and depression, and provide recommendations for how future research can utilize affective neuroscience techniques to examine the neural...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - February 13, 2017 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

Tourette Syndrome and Comorbid Neuropsychiatric Conditions
AbstractTourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric condition characterized by both motor and phonic tics over a period of at least 1  year with the onset in childhood or adolescence. Apart from the tics, most of the patients with Tourette syndrome have associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities consisting of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, rage attacks, sleep issues, depression, and migrai ne. Patients may also have physical complications directly from violent motor tics which can rarely include cervical myelopathy, arterial dissection, and stroke. The purpose of this article is to rev...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - November 4, 2016 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

The Detection of Fetal Alcohol Exposure by FAEEs Meconium Analysis
AbstractFetal alcohol exposure can be assessed either retrospectively by directly asking mothers or reliable informants through structured interviews and screening questionnaires or actually by measuring biomarkers of alcohol consumption in pregnancy or in the perinatal phase. For research purposes and even in some clinical cases with a need for objective corroboration of the information given by the mother or when this information is missing, there is the possibility of laboratory assessment of alcohol biomarkers. This review will present the current state of the art of FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) meconium analysis. An...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - November 1, 2016 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

Pharmaceutical Interventions for Tourette ’s Syndrome
AbstractTourette ’s syndrome is a childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics that are chronic (duration of>1  year) (Kurlan N Engl J Med. 363:2332; Jankovic and Kurlan Mov Disord. 26:1149; Diagnostic and statistical manual of psychiatry. 4th ed.). Tics are commonly associated with obsessive–compulsive symptoms and disturbances of attention. In many children with Tourette’s syndrome, tics are mild and not disabling, and education about the condition with supportive counseling is sufficient. However, tics can be disabling by causing social embarrassment, school bullying, isolati...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - October 28, 2016 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD): an Approach to Effective Prevention
The objective of the current contribution is to propose an evidence-based, six-step approach to develop effective programs for prevention of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.Recent FindingsDespite widespread campaigns aimed to reduce prenatal alcohol exposure, the number of affected children continues to be high. Current strategies to reduce prenatal alcohol exposure may be ineffective or counterproductive. However, proven principles of health promotion could be applied to reduce drinking in pregnancy. One such approach is Intervention Mapping (IM), a six-step procedure based on proven principles to change behaviors.Summar...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - October 25, 2016 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

A Review of the Literature Regarding Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Tic Disorders (CTDs): Where Do We Go from Here?
AbstractChronic tic disorders (CTDs) are characterized by the presence of tics and frequently associated with psychiatric comorbidities. Pharmacotherapy is the most commonly prescribed treatment when tics cause distress. Although effective, medication may not result in the complete elimination of tics and may be accompanied by undesirable side effects. Consequently, there is growing interest in behavioral treatment for tics. Habit reversal training (HRT) is the most widely studied of these approaches and is currently recommended as a first-line treatment in European, Canadian, and American guidelines for the treatment of C...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - October 24, 2016 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Tourette Syndrome: Commonalities and Connections
AbstractTourette syndrome (TS) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) share overlapping features and frequently co-occur, but the diagnoses have historically been considered and approached as unrelated, separate conditions. Recently, however, there has been increase in recognition of their shared qualities, creating opportunities for clearer understanding of their origins and similarities that can help support better clinical care and improved research. (Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports)
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - October 21, 2016 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

Revised Guidelines Increase Specificity of Diagnostic Criteria for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
AbstractUpdated guidelines for the diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) refine diagnostic criteria that were previously issued in 2005. Neurobehavioral impairment, the main disability in FASD, is now required for diagnosis of three of the four FASD subtypes proposed by the Institute of Medicine. Also, domains of neurobehavioral impairment to be assessed are specified. Other improvements include a more detailed definition of prenatal alcohol exposure, a description of resources for reference data on prenatal and postnatal growth and guidance for evaluating craniofacial and other physical abnormalities charac...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - October 16, 2016 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

Parental Concerns, Developmental Temperature Taking, and the Necessary Conditions for Developmental Surveillance and Screening
AbstractThe early years are a critical period that can impact development across the life course in both negative and positive ways. Identification of children who have or may be at risk for delay is an area fraught with challenges related to how and when to do surveillance and screening, what tools to use, as well as the necessary conditions for assessments. We propose that efforts to identify children with developmental problems use a system of developmental surveillance that focuses on measuring parental concerns as developmental temperature taking along with contextual risk factors. Furthermore, we propose to move to a...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - August 9, 2016 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

Reflections on the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care: Recommendations on Screening for Developmental Delay
(Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports)
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - July 31, 2016 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

Screening Children through Response to Intervention and Dynamic Performance Analysis: The Example of Partnering for Change
< h3 class= " a-plus-plus " > Abstract < /h3 > < p class= " a-plus-plus " > Early identification and intervention for children with special needs is essential for the prevention of secondary consequences. Partnering for Change (P4C) is a service delivery model that facilitates developmental surveillance and screening, thus supporting identification of children who require rehabilitation services to participate at school. Using a tiered, needs-based approach based on response to intervention (RtI), P4C therapists provide services at differing levels of intensity —from those that are universal to those that are individuali...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - July 24, 2016 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

Motor Problems as a Risk Factor for Poorer Mental Health in Children and Adolescents: What Do We Know and Should We Be Screening for Psychological Difficulties in Those with Poor Motor Skills?
Abstract The individual and societal costs of mental health problems in children and adolescents and the associated potential negative outcomes for adulthood have been highlighted. While the importance of increasing knowledge and awareness of developmental risk factors for mental health issues has been noted, the significant relationship between motor skill and mental health difficulties continues to be under-recognized and lacks public awareness, including in health professionals. This paper discusses the evidence demonstrating that motor skill difficulties may increase risk for poorer mental health outc...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - July 7, 2016 Category: Child Development Source Type: research