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Sex Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorders Across the Lifespan
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review aimed to examine contemporary findings on sex-related differences in autism spectrum disorder from pre-school to adulthood. By exploring the literature within developmental time points, it is possible to consider emerging lifespan patterns and determine consistency of results without the impact of developmental change.Recent FindingsFindings continue to be varied due to numerous methodological differences across studies. However, some results are more consistent than others. For instance, while there is no evidence for a sex difference in cognition in early childhood, there may be execu...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - April 17, 2019 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

Movement Skill Assessment in Children: Overview and Recommendations for Research and Practice
AbstractPurpose of ReviewNumerous instruments have been developed to assess children ’s movement skills. The majority of these instruments were based on neuromaturational mechanisms underlying the execution of motor skills. Few tools have integrated current perspectives of motor development that focus on the interaction between children and the world in which they live. The purpos e of this review is to provide an overview of frequently used movement skill assessment tests and to make suggestions about the need to consider multiple, interacting systems when evaluating children’s motor performance.Recent FindingsRecent ...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - April 16, 2019 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

How Can We Support the Healthcare Needs of Autistic Adults Without Intellectual Disability?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAutistic adults often experience unmet health-care needs. We conducted a review of the literature on the barriers and facilitators to health care for autistic adults without intellectual disability. We also describe examples of available health supports for this population.Recent FindingsBarriers and facilitators to health care were grouped into three categories: (1) patient-level factors, (2) provider-level factors, and (3) system-level factors. Patient-level factors included communication issues, anxiety, sensory differences, socio-economic factors and previous experiences with health-care profes...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - April 15, 2019 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

Neurophysiological Approaches to Understanding Motor Control in DCD: Current Trends and Future Directions
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo provide an account of neurophysiological approaches to understanding motor control in DCD, with a specific focus on emerging techniques such as non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) andfNIRS. We also provide an update on evidence from more traditional neurophysiological approaches to understanding atypical motor skills such as EEG.Recent FindingsWith reference to NIBS data from DCD and congenital motor disorders, we present evidence that compromised excitatory and inhibitory neurophysiology within motor circuitry may provide a biomarker for atypical motor development. Further, we draw parallels ...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - April 15, 2019 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

Internalizing Mental Health Issues in Individuals with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Implications for Practitioners
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe present study describes the co-occurrence of internalizing issues (e.g., depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation and/or attempts) in two common neurodevelopmental disorders [NDDs]: ADHD and ASD.Recent FindingsMental health issues in individuals with ADHD and/or ASD are increasingly common, yet there is minimal literature examining how internalizing issues affect the presentation or long-term outcomes of NDDs. Depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation and/or attempts occur across the lifespan in both ADHD and ASD.SummaryWhile the mechanisms that underlie the development and maintenance of in...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - February 18, 2019 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

Correction to: Service Access to Reduce Parenting Stress in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
The authors attributed on this article should be listed as “Kim Desmarais and Erin Barker.” Therefore, Jean-Philippe Gouin should be removed from the author list. (Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports)
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - February 4, 2019 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

The Brain Basis of Comorbidity in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
AbstractPurpose of ReviewResearch examining brain development in neurodevelopmental disorders has largely comprised small-scale studies on individual disorders. Findings have confirmed neurodevelopmental disruption and deviation; however, comorbidity between disorders continues to challenge our understanding of brain-behaviour associations. This review discusses early brain development and the etiological factors that may give rise to atypical developmental trajectories, along with neuroimaging insights into neurodevelopmental disorders.Recent FindingsEvidence related to the behavioural, neurological, genetic and environme...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - January 29, 2019 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

The Therapeutic Potential of Non-invasive Neurostimulation for Motor Skill Learning in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders
AbstractPurpose of ReviewNon-invasive neurostimulation is becoming increasingly popular in rehabilitation, as it may enhance the brain ’s natural learning processes, potentially increasing the effectiveness of movement interventions. The current paper provides a review of studies that have investigated the application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in pediatric populations with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD ) complicated by motor impairment.Recent FindingsProof of principle studies indicate that tDCS can positively influence motor learning in children. The application of tDCS across pediatric popul...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - January 9, 2019 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

Language and Reading: the Role of Morpheme and Phoneme Awareness
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAlthough spoken language in the form of meta-linguistic awareness is widely regarded as being involved in reading development, the extensive literature based on different experimental tasks, age groups, and languages makes it difficult to establish consensus about the type of awareness that is critical and the mechanisms underlying this relationship. The purpose of this review is to explore the links between reading and two specific aspects of meta-linguistic awareness, namely, phoneme awareness and morpheme awareness.Recent FindingsResearch has uncovered distinct levels of meta-linguistic awarenes...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - October 31, 2018 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

Dyslexia in Chinese
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe highlight the nature of dyslexia across Chinese societies. The review includes an overview of some main differences across societies that may influence the nature of dyslexia (including script, language, and educational variations), the social context of Chinese learning, and the cognitive-linguistic aspects of learning Chinese. We also list some basic criteria for the diagnosis of dyslexia and point out some promising remediation techniques.Recent FindingsFocusing on the cognitive-linguistic skills of phonological sensitivity, morphological awareness, visual-orthographic processing, and fluency...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - September 29, 2018 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

What Is Comorbidity and Why Does It Matter in Neurodevelopmental Disorders?
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewTo provide an overview of the concept of comorbidity, research that supports the common co-occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders and directions for future research.Recent FindingsNeurodevelopmental disorders including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, developmental coordination disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and learning disorders co-occur more commonly than would be expected by chance. The potential causes for this comorbidity suggested in the research literature are genetic, epigenetic, neurobiological, and environmental.SummaryDirections for research such as imaging genetic...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - September 22, 2018 Category: Child Development Source Type: research

Developmental Disorders Among Very Preterm Children
This article aims to inform clinicians and researchers about the most recent findings regarding developmental disorders in school-aged children born very preterm (<  32 weeks of gestation).Recent FindingsVery preterm birth is associated with higher rates of Intellectual Disability, Specific Learning Disorder, Developmental Coordination Disorder, Language Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder. For most domains, the incidence of developing a disorder is higher for those born more immaturely. The influence of sex is less clear, with some disorders showing a higher prevalence in ...
Source: Current Developmental Disorders Reports - September 14, 2018 Category: Child Development Source Type: research