Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: Management Advances and Therapeutic Approaches
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this review, we discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of opioid-exposed infants with particular focus on birth hospitalization and outpatient management.Recent FindingsThe opioid crisis has spread rapidly throughout the USA and has led to increasing numbers of infants born with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Inpatient management for NAS should optimize non-pharmacologic care with use of pharmacologic agents if needed. Clinical pathways that aim to optimize non-pharmacologic interventions and utilize functional assessments over numerical scoring tools have show...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - July 23, 2021 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Use and Pregnancy II: Perinatal Outcomes Following ENDS Use During Pregnancy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review examines the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes following electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use during pregnancy, and considers whether there are sufficient data to support ENDS as a harm reduction approach during pregnancy.Recent FindingsSeven papers assessed perinatal outcomes following ENDS use during pregnancy. There was evidence that ENDS use was associated with increased risk for some adverse perinatal outcomes (e.g., small for gestational age). However, the repeated use of data sets, insufficient data (e.g., timing of ENDS use, type of ENDS products used), and limited s...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - July 21, 2021 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Mothering from the Inside Out: Addressing the Intersection of Addiction, Adversity, and Attachment with Evidence-Based Parenting Intervention
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMothers with substance use disorders are often referred for parenting support, though commonly available programs may miss the mark for families impacted by addiction. This may be related to a lack of attention to children ’s emotional needs, mothers’ histories of adversity, and the neurobiological differences seen in mothers with addictions. We review the implications of addiction, adversity, and attachment for parenting interventions. We then describe Mothering from the Inside Out (MIO), an evidence-based parent ing intervention designed specifically for mothers with addictions.Recent Finding...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - July 15, 2021 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Use and Pregnancy I: ENDS Use Behavior During Pregnancy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review examines Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) use behavior during pregnancy, including the prevalence of and transitions in use during pregnancy.Recent FindingsTwenty-two papers addressed the prevalence of and/or transitions in ENDS use during pregnancy. Findings show a complex landscape of ENDS use. A minority (0.4 –7.0%) of pregnant persons use ENDS; most commonly this occurs in the form of dual use (ENDS and combustible cigarettes (CC); 75%). Many pregnant persons report using ENDS because they perceive them to be a lower-risk alternative and/or potential cessation aide for ...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - July 13, 2021 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Parenting and Addictions: Current Insights From Human Neuroscience
AbstractPurpose of ReviewA growing body of human research has documented associations between the maternal brain and maternal substance use and addictions. This neuroscience-informed approach affords the opportunity to unpack potential neurobiological mechanisms that may underscore challenges in maternal caregiving behavior among mothers with addictions and provide new directions for parenting interventions.Recent FindingsConsistent with theoretical models of parenting and addictions, five studies evidence both hypo- and hyper-reactivity to infant affective cues across neuroimaging methods and tasks that incorporate both i...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - July 9, 2021 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Virtual Reality-Based Treatment Approaches in the Field of Substance Use Disorders
AbstractPurposeSubstance use disorders (SUD) are burdening chronic conditions characterized by high relapse rates despite severe negative consequences. Substance-related cues that elicit craving by means of automatic physiological and behavioural responses have long been suggested to predict relapse. One major mechanism contributing to relapse behaviour are cue-induced behavioural approach tendencies towards the addictive agent. Recently, there has been an emerging interest in virtual reality (VR)-based approaches to assess and modify craving and its related responses. This review aims at elucidating (1) VR techniques appl...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - July 9, 2021 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Diagnostic and Classification Considerations Related to Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder and Problematic Pornography Use
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThere are ongoing debates about specific features of compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) relating to classification and diagnoses. We aim to address current discussions relating to potential subtypes of CSBD, the aspect of compulsivity in CSBD, and the aspect of moral incongruence and CSBD.Recent FindingsCSBD includes multiple specific sexual behaviors that might be related to specific psychological processes. Problematic pornography use may be considered a subtype of CSBD, which may have multiple parallels with addictive behaviors. The feature of compulsivity in CSBD may be different from c...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - July 9, 2021 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Characteristics of Gamers who Purchase Loot Box: a Systematic Literature Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewResearch has indicated that loot boxes are risky gaming components that could exacerbate Internet gaming disorder due to a link between loot box purchasing and gambling. We conducted a systematic review to identify the characteristics of people who purchase loot boxes with real money, focusing on the relationships (a) between loot boxes and gaming, (b) between loot boxes and gambling, and (c) between loot boxes and other variables.Recent FindingsOf the 201 studies examined for eligibility, we reviewed 20 studies that met the predefined criteria, which were extracted by searching electronic database...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - July 8, 2021 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
The Potential of Digital Phenotyping and Mobile Sensing for Psycho-Diagnostics of Internet Use Disorders
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe present paper provides an accessible overview on the potential ofdigital phenotyping andmobile sensing not only shedding light on the nature of Internet Use Disorders (IUD), but also to provide new ideas on how to improve psycho-diagnostics of mental processes linked to IUD.Recent FindingsIn detail, the psycho-diagnostic areas of prevention, treatment, and aftercare in the realm of IUDs are focused upon in this work. Before each of these areas is presented in more specificity, the termsdigital phenotyping andmobile sensing are introduced against the background of an interdisciplinary research e...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - July 8, 2021 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Lost in Translation: the Gap Between Neurobiological Mechanisms and Psychosocial Treatment Research for Substance Use Disorders
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo provide an overview of the state of translational substance use disorder (SUD) research by evaluating the extent to which psychosocial interventions target neurobiological processes known to contribute to the maintenance of SUD.Recent FindingsA limited number of studies have investigated neurobiological mechanisms of action for commonly utilized SUD treatment approaches. Restrictive samples, post-treatment-only designs, and failure to include substance use outcomes significantly limit the interpretation of these findings.SummaryMuch work is needed to bridge the translational gap between neurosci...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - July 7, 2021 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Religion, Morality, Ethics, and Problematic Pornography Use
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe present review focuses on relationships between sexuality and religion, moral values, and ethics.Recent FindingsReligious and ethical beliefs and moral values may influence sexuality including perception of pornography and its frequency of use, and engagement in sexual behaviors including pornography viewing may impact these domains.SummaryWithin this context, implications for sexuality and related psychiatric conditions and models (e.g., relating to compulsive sexual behavior disorder and moral incongruence) are considered. (Source: Current Addiction Reports)
Source: Current Addiction Reports - July 6, 2021 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Pornography Use and Holistic Sexual Functioning: a Systematic Review of Recent Research
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPornography use is a common recreational activity in most developed nations with unrestricted internet access. As public awareness of pornography ’s popularity has grown, so have concerns about potentially deleterious effects of pornography. One domain of particular concern has been the impact of pornography use and online sexual behaviors on sexual wellbeing. Over recent years, a number of studies have examined how pornography use relates to sexual wellbeing. The present work seeks to review such literature, with a particular focus on the effects of pornography on sexual functioning and sexual s...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - July 1, 2021 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Our Voices Matter: Using Lived Experience to Promote Equity in Problem Gambling Prevention
This article demonstrates an innovative approach to connect the field of problem gambling prevention to the community experience, using a public health and social justice lens. Others in the field should acknowledge the disconnect between problem gambling and the lived experience of those disproportionately impacted by creating opportunities for community voice to be at the center of programming. (Source: Current Addiction Reports)
Source: Current Addiction Reports - May 28, 2021 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Racial Associations Between Gambling and Suicidal Behaviors Among Black and White Adolescents and Young Adults
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSuicide is the second leading cause of death among Black youth ages 10 –19 years. Between 1991 and 2017, rates of suicide among Black youth have been increasing faster than rates among any other race/ethnic group. There are many factors that may explain this increase, with gambling being suggested as one such potential risk factor. This review examines the associatio n between gambling and suicide behaviors, and how these associations may vary between Black and White youth and young adults. The current review examines these associations using data from the Missouri Family Study (MOFAM).Recent Fin...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - May 27, 2021 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
New Approaches in Drug Dependence: Opioids
This article aims to provide an overview of standard and adjunctive treatment options in opioid dependence in consideration of therapy-refractory courses. The relevance of oral opioid substitution treatment (OST) and measures of harm reduction as well as heroin-assisted therapies are discussed alongside non-pharmacological approaches.Recent FindingsCurrently, recommendation can be given for OST with methadone, buprenorphine, slow-release oral morphine (SROM), and levomethadone. Heroin-assisted treatment using diamorphine shall be considered as a cost-effective alternative for individuals not responding to the afore-mention...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - May 26, 2021 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
