Persistent and Unsuccessful Attempts to Cut Down on Ultra-Processed Foods and the Associated Challenges for Dietary Adherence
AbstractPurpose of ReviewUltra-processed foods (UPFs) contain little whole foods, and are associated with increased risk for several, adverse cardio-metabolic health outcomes; yet, UPFs are ubiquitous in the food environment and comprise a significant percentage of calories consumed. Cutting down on UPFs may be challenging, with increasing evidence to support that UPFs may exhibit an addictive potential not observed with minimally processed foods. This narrative review aimed to discuss challenges UPFs pose for dietary adherence and examine evidence pertaining to attempts to cut down on UPFs.Recent FindingsFindings suppor...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - June 13, 2022 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Is Problematic Internet and Smartphone Use Related to Poorer Quality of Life? A Systematic Review of Available Evidence and Assessment Strategies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPrevious studies have explored the links between problematic Internet use (PIU) or problematic smartphone use (PSU) and quality of life (QOL). In this systematic review, we (i) describe the instruments used to assess QOL or health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in these studies, (ii) critically examine the content validity of the instruments used, and (iii) examine the relationships between PIU, PSU, QOL, and HRQOL.Recent FindingsWe identified 17 PIU and 11 PSU studies in a systematic search. Evidence suggests that PIU and PSU negatively correlate with either QOL or HQOL and most of their domains ...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - June 11, 2022 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
The Reinforcing Natures of Hyper-Palatable Foods: Behavioral Evidence for Their Reinforcing Properties and the Role of the US Food Industry in Promoting Their Availability
AbstractPurpose of ReviewHyper-palatable foods (HPF) may exploit our neurobiological propensities to seek and consume rewarding foods. The review highlights evidence from basic behavioral and neurobiological studies in humans on the reinforcing properties of HPF and consequences of repeated HPF consumption over time. The review also addresses HPF within the context of the US food environment.Recent FindingsThere is reasonably strong behavioral evidence to indicate that HPF may have reinforcing properties that are similar to drugs of abuse. Evidence indicates that healthy individuals may exhibit greater preference for HPF r...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - May 26, 2022 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Social and Occupational Impairment Among Individuals with Ultra-processed Food Addiction
AbstractPurpose of ReviewFew studies have focused on the food addiction (FA) symptoms of social and occupational (S/O) impairment. The aim of this article is to review recent literature that reports the prevalence of these symptoms. It also reviews qualitative literature to understand lived experiences of S/O impairment.Recent FindingsFA-related S/O impairment appears infrequent (under 20%) among healthy adult controls and unrelated clinical samples (i.e., gambling disorder). This rises to 20 –30% in individuals with underweight or higher weight. S/O impairment is even higher among those who meet thresholds for FA or dis...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - May 26, 2022 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Pornography consumption and partnered sex: a review of pornography use and satisfaction in romantic relationships
AbstractPurpose of reviewThe effect of pornography on romantic relationships has been long discussed in popular culture and by researchers. The aim of the current review is to discuss the most recent findings probing the potential effect of pornography consumption on relationship and sexual satisfaction for individuals who are in romantic relationships.Recent findingsCurrently, there has only been one meta-analysis, which shows that pornography consumption and sexual and relationship satisfaction are negatively related for men but not for women (Hum Commun Res. 43(3):315-43,6). Potential mediators of this link include a pr...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - May 11, 2022 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Cannabis Vaping Among Youth and Young Adults: a Scoping Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review was to describe the state-of-the-literature on research specific to cannabis vaping among youth and young adults.Recent FindingsOut of 1801 records identified, a total of 202 articles met eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review. Most of this literature (46.0% of studies) was specific to the health effects of cannabis vaping, particularly EVALI (e-cigarette and vaping associated lung injury). Other research areas identified in the review included the etiology (24.3%) and epidemiology (24.8%) of cannabis vaping, in addition to articles on regulation (8.4%) and mar...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - May 7, 2022 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Clinical Considerations of Ultra-processed Food Addiction Across Weight Classes: an Eating Disorder Treatment and Care Perspective
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo examine the prevalence rates of ultra-processed food addiction across different weight classes and offer guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Clinicians are provided with practical considerations in the assessment of ultra-processed food addiction beyond the use of validated instruments.Recent FindingsThe weighted mean prevalence of ultra-processed food addiction is approximately 20% worldwide and varies widely based on the sample. At first glance, there appears a linear relationship between ultra-processed food addiction and BMI class. Further investigation indicates a J-shaped curve with he...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - May 2, 2022 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Pornography Consumers of Color and Problematic Pornography Use: Clinical Implications
AbstractPurpose of reviewThe purpose of this article is to utilize a problematic pornography use (PPU) framework to review the nascent research on Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) consumers of pornography.Recent findingsAdolescent and adult BIPOC research participants, and Black Americans in particular, viewed pornography more or in greater frequency when compared to their White counterparts. BIPOC adolescent consumers often preferred pornography that featured performers of colors, which frequently contains problematic racial stereotypes and aggression. Findings suggest that pornography can influence sexual scrip...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - April 20, 2022 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Hormonal Differences Between Women and Men, Their Consequences on Addiction to Substances and Considerations on the Therapeutic Approach
AbstractPurpose of the reviewA search of scientific papers has been carried out to investigate sex differences in drug abuse and to understand the underlying biological and psychosocial causes of these differences. Based on the anatomical and neurochemical differences of the male and female brain, the difference in skills, and the possible importance of evolutionary factors, the reasons for the differential characteristics of addictions in men and women as well as the sex bias in the concurrent neuropsychiatric disorders are reviewed. The importance of sex hormones in these differences is also reviewed, as well as the in...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - April 9, 2022 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Problematic Pornography Use in China
AbstractPurpose of ReviewChina is a typical sexual conservative cultural context country; it is necessary to understand the problematic pornography use (PPU) in China, which may reflect the influence of the conservative culture on PPU. In this review, the pornography use motivation, prevalence, screening scales, diagnosing elements, and intervention situation in China were described.Recent FindingsThe most preponderant pornography use motivations were self-exploration and seeking education. In line with the international situation in screening PPU, inconsistent assessment resulted in fluctuant prevalence in China. Fortunat...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - April 8, 2022 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
The role of hippocampus in memory reactivation: an implication for a therapeutic target against opioid use disorder
AbstractPurpose of the reviewThe abuse of opioids induces many terrible problems in human health and social stability. For opioid-dependent individuals, withdrawal memory can be reactivated by context, which is then associated with extremely unpleasant physical and emotional feelings during opioid withdrawal. The reactivation of withdrawal memory is considered one of the most important reasons for opioid relapse, and it also allows for memory modulation based on the reconsolidation phenomenon. However, studies exploring withdrawal memory modulation during the reconsolidation window are lacking. By summarizing the previous ...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - February 19, 2022 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Cannabis Use Disorder: A Behavioral Economic Perspective
Abstract Purpose of ReviewTo explore relations between behavioral economic demand for cannabis and cannabis use disorder (CUD). Prior reviews have focused on drug demand in relation to use outcomes more generally. Complementing and enhancing prior work synthesizing research on cannabis demand, the present review endeavors to determine whether specific demand indices derived from the marijuana purchase task are most reliably related to CUD. Additionally, sociodemographic characteristics of participants in these studies were reviewed to identify whether certain populations were underrepresented in behavioral economic canna...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - January 7, 2022 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Neurochemical and Hormonal Contributors to Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder
Abstract Purpose of ReviewCompulsive sexual behavior disorder has been recently included in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), and the possible contribution of neurochemical and hormonal factors have been reported. However, relatively little is known concerning the neurobiology underlying this disorder. The aim of this article is to review and discuss published findings in the area.Recent FindingsEvidence suggests that the neuroendocrine systems are involved in the pathophysiology of compulsive sexual behavior. The hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal axis, the hypothalamus-pituitary ...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - January 6, 2022 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Cannabis Use and Cannabis Use Disorder: Implications for Researchers
AbstractPurpose of ReviewHeavy and prolonged use of cannabis is associated with several adverse health, legal, and social consequences. Although cannabis use impacts all US racial/ethnic groups, studies have revealed racial/ethnic disparities in the initiation, prevalence, prevention, and treatment of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD). This review provides an overview of recent studies on cannabis and CUD by race/ethnicity and a discussion of implications for cannabis researchers.Recent FindingsThe majority of studies focused on cannabis use and CUD among African American/Black individuals, with the smallest num...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - January 5, 2022 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
Evidence on Problematic Online Gaming and Social Anxiety over the Past Ten Years: a Systematic Literature Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe present study aimed to review the literature concerning the relationship between problematic online gaming (POG) and social anxiety, taking into account the variables implicated in this relationship. This review included studies published between 2010 and 2020 that were indexed in major databases with the following keywords: Internet gaming, disorder, addiction, problematic, social phobia, and social anxiety.Recent FindingsIn recent years, scientific interest in POG has grown dramatically. Within this prolific research field, difficulties associated with social anxiety have been increasingly ex...
Source: Current Addiction Reports - January 5, 2022 Category: Addiction Source Type: research
