The persistence of organized crime in post-caliphate Iraq: a case of crime-terror convergence?
AbstractIn the advancing understanding of the crime-terror nexus, organized crime and terrorist entities are increasingly seen as capable of pursuing multiple agendas simultaneously, with the potential to ultimately reach convergence. Applying Makarenko ’s theoretical work on crime-terror convergence, this article sets out to explain the persistence of organized crime in Iraq after the fall of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) Caliphate, based on a literature study and three expert interviews. The vacuum caused by the Caliphate’s fall led to fierce competition between remnants of ISIS and Iran-backed Shia fact...
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - June 23, 2023 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of how corruption, education, inequality and trust in parliament affect voter-turnout
This article empirically examines whether corruption, education, inequality, and trust in parliament affect voter turnout in countries that are members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Specifically, fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis is used to determine whether these factors (individually or in combination) are necessary or sufficient conditions for high or low voter turnout. To date, this method has never been applied to the study of voter turnout and this study attempts to fill this gap. The main conclusion is that corruption harms democracy by lowering voter turnout. The analysis a...
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - June 17, 2023 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
“This is where I belong:” a narrative study of professional commitment to a new criminal justice agency
AbstractScholars of penal change have established a rich theoretical understanding of the macro- and meso- level processes that explain the emergence, diffusion, and success of penal developments. Similarly enthusiastic examinations of the agentic aspects of professional commitment to criminal justice institutions are necessary to better understand the relationship between micro-level individual processes and the endurance and success of penal projects. The present study builds on existing analyses of cause lawyering and indigent criminal defense to examine the personal narratives of penitentiary defenders, lawyers working...
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - June 14, 2023 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
Access to justice in prisons or the limitations of prison defense
This article sought to understand the adequacy of criminal defense services within prisons. By analyzing secondary data and interviews, it describes the justiciable problems and legal needs, the lines of action, and the obstacles that the adult prison population encounters. The results show that the experience and needs that arise in prison surpass the institutional capabilities of the chilean Public Defender’s Office. Therefore, a new institutional framework must be created to meet the justice claims of prisoners. (Source: Crime, Law and Social Change)
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - June 14, 2023 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
International connections within the national government: Brazilian public legal careers and international circulation (2008 –2018)
AbstractTaking into account the relation between the international circulation of legal elites and the legitimization of institutional models in Brazil, this study comparatively analyzes international leaves of three categories of legal careers between 2008 and 2018: Federal prosecutors, attorneys for Brazil and federal agencies, and federal commissioners. Analysis of the international destinations of these categories allowed us to identify associations established with foreign agencies that disseminate different models of law and contribute to the reinforcement of autonomous corporations in the national space. Our data is...
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - June 14, 2023 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
Criminal defense work in a sample of arrest hearings in three states of Mexico: the micro-dynamics of case-level engagement, influence, and strategy
AbstractWe examine variation in criminal defense work in a sample of arrest hearings in three states of Mexico (N = 186). Specifically, drawing on systematic observations, we map the explicit challenges voiced by counsel to oppose motions by prosecutors supporting the legality of detentions. We find that “instrumental” challenges are more likely when defendants are accompanied by friends/relatives, and in the presence of more proactive judges; moreover, these challenges increase the likelihood of a ruling of illegality, controlling for other factors. However, defense practices also rely on more “expressive” cha...
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - June 14, 2023 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
Idleness as work? How public defenders do their job by waiting
AbstractHow can public defenders provide adequate legal representation when they are underbudgeted and overworked? Mexican public defenders represent 75-90% of those facing a judicial process (either through the entire process or at some points of it) and receive around one tenth of the budget allocated for their counterparts, prosecutors orfiscal ías. Drawing from fieldwork conducted in Oaxaca city, Mexicali, and Tijuana, I find that the public defenders spend a considerable amount of time waiting: waiting in the office for their next case to be assigned, waiting to receive a file, or waiting for the judge to show up in ...
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - June 14, 2023 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
Legal defense in Latin America: challenges within change
(Source: Crime, Law and Social Change)
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - June 14, 2023 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
Religion and punishment in the post-revolutionary Iran from the durkheimian perspective
This study, therefore, explores such a great penal revolution through the Durkheimian analysis of religion using qualitative analysis of legal documents, reports, and past journals, seeking to discover the religious nature of punishments as rooted in Iranian society itself. Moreover, applying Durkheim ’s sociological approach to religion, the study attempts to unearth the reason behind the harsh policies adopted in this regard despite their failure in achieving their philosophical and criminological objectives. (Source: Crime, Law and Social Change)
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - June 9, 2023 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
The social perception of environmental victimization. A visual and sensory methodological proposal
This article proposes a visual and sensory methodology useful to the study of environmental victimization from the perspective of people exposed to environmental harm and crime. Given the scarcity of tools with which to approach these dynamic and elusive phenomena, I focus first on the methodological and theoretical positioning that sees the encounter between green, cultural, visual, narrative and critical criminologies. Second, I discuss photo elicitation, a technique for a green criminology “with” images, where visual images are used as a heuristic tool in order to explore more thoroughly the social perception of env...
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - May 25, 2023 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
Armed conflict and academic performance. A spatial approach for Colombia
AbstractThis paper studies the incidence of the Colombian armed conflict on the academic performance of secondary students at the municipal level for the years 2003 and 2017. By using a General Nesting Spatial model, results suggest the conflict negatively affects academic performance. In 2003, a period of high conflict intensity, terrorist population attacks showed both direct and indirect negative effects on the test scores. In 2017, a period of low intensity, only direct negative effects were reported for the variables of forced displaced people, homicides, and victims of threat. (Source: Crime, Law and Social Change)
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - May 23, 2023 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
