From an offender-based to an offense-based justice: Changes in sentencing patterns in the juvenile justice system in S ão Paulo from 1990 to 2006
AbstractJuvenile justice systems around the globe are becoming increasingly more similar to criminal justice systems. In Brazil, previous legislations focused on the individuals themselves and did not distinguish between young offenders and children in precarious conditions, but a new legislation in 1990 marked a rupture and introduced elements of criminal law. We leverage a unique data set representative of every adolescent who has been through the juvenile justice system in the state of S ão Paulo between 1990 and 2006 and provide a quantitative assessment of the changes in sentencing patterns in the period. Results sug...
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - December 2, 2022 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
Creating the demand for better crime policy: qualitative frame analysis as a vehicle for social transformation
AbstractWhen the dominant crime narrative embraced by members of the public runs contrary to evidence or exaggerates the incidence or mischaracterises the nature of crime, and the news media reproduce that narrative, lawmakers and politicians tend to justify punitive crime policy and ‘tough on crime’ rhetoric as the ‘will of the people’ and a necessary measure to restore ‘law and order’. As such, the way in which members of the public and the news media understand crime and what they say about it is important because of the influence such discourse can have on crimin al justice policy. But, in this paper I argu...
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - December 2, 2022 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
From an offender-based to an offense-based justice: Changes in sentencing patterns in the juvenile justice system in S ão Paulo from 1990 to 2006
AbstractJuvenile justice systems around the globe are becoming increasingly more similar to criminal justice systems. In Brazil, previous legislations focused on the individuals themselves and did not distinguish between young offenders and children in precarious conditions, but a new legislation in 1990 marked a rupture and introduced elements of criminal law. We leverage a unique data set representative of every adolescent who has been through the juvenile justice system in the state of S ão Paulo between 1990 and 2006 and provide a quantitative assessment of the changes in sentencing patterns in the period. Results sug...
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - December 2, 2022 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
Creating the demand for better crime policy: qualitative frame analysis as a vehicle for social transformation
AbstractWhen the dominant crime narrative embraced by members of the public runs contrary to evidence or exaggerates the incidence or mischaracterises the nature of crime, and the news media reproduce that narrative, lawmakers and politicians tend to justify punitive crime policy and ‘tough on crime’ rhetoric as the ‘will of the people’ and a necessary measure to restore ‘law and order’. As such, the way in which members of the public and the news media understand crime and what they say about it is important because of the influence such discourse can have on crimin al justice policy. But, in this paper I argu...
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - December 2, 2022 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
Organised food crime: an analysis of the involvements of organised crime groups in the food sector in England and Italy
AbstractThe food sector is subject to illegal practices of various types such as adulteration or exploitation of labour. In the media and public discourse, this phenomenon is often associated to activities by organised crime groups. Drawing on a socio-legal empirical study on the perception and conceptualisation of food crime in English and Italian public institutions, this paper unpacks the involvement of organised crime and mafia-type actors in the food sector. Considering data collected through in-depth interviews with representatives of law enforcement and other public authorities, supported by documentary sources, thi...
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - November 30, 2022 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
Rural criminal collaborations and the food crimes of the countryside: realist social relations theory of illicit venison production
This article provides the first comprehensive criminological account of routinised illicit venison production in rural England. In doing so an epistemological reformulation and conceptual clarification of the overlooked problem is advanced, using extended fieldwork and a novel theoretical framework. The account of offending is refined to a type of illicit rural food enterprise supply chain misconduct, actualised by un-regulated industry processes. This kind of food crime is shown to be reliant upon suspects ’ connectivity with small to medium food business operations and the routines of rural occupations. Such relations ...
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - November 30, 2022 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
Fault lines of food fraud: key issues in research and policy
This article analyses three key areas in the literature on food fraud where we see fault lines emerging: 1. food fraud research orientations; 2. food fraud detection and prevention (and the dehumanisation and decontextualisation associated with analytical testing); and, 3. food fraud regulation and criminalisation. We argue that these fault lines raise questions over the plausibility of knowledge on food frauds and in some cases produce specious arguments. This is significant for food fraud policy, strategy and operation, in particular in terms of how we generate expectations about the actual realities of food fraud and co...
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - November 30, 2022 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
Dietary supplements, harm associated with synthetic adulterants and potential governance solutions
AbstractIntentional adulteration of dietary supplements with undeclared synthetic drugs illegally enhances the supplement ’s purported efficacy and is a growing global crime issue that can cause actual harm to unsuspecting victims. The aim of this research is to identify the potential adulterants of interest in dietary supplement adulteration and then to consider what governance systems can be implemented to reduce t he likelihood of such practices occurring. Firstly, existing academic and grey literature is iteratively reviewed to define and outline the challenge of dietary supplement adulteration. Three types of supple...
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - November 30, 2022 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
Food crimes, food harms and the food system – SI introduction
(Source: Crime, Law and Social Change)
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - November 30, 2022 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
The organization of the human organ trade: a comparative crime script analysis
This study fills critical knowledge gaps into the organization of organ trade utilizing crime script analysis. Adopting a situational crime prevention approach, this article draws from law enforcement data to compare the crime commission process (activities, cast and locations) of 2 prosecuted organ trade cases: theMedicus case and theNetcare case. Both cases involved transnational criminal networks that performed kidney transplants from living donors. We further present similarities and differences between illegal and legal living donor kidney transplants that may help guide identification and disruption of illegal tran...
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - November 29, 2022 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
Ethnographic semantics and documentary method in criminology. A combination of reconstructive approaches using the example of Municipal Law Enforcement Services
AbstractAlthough a common German sociological methodology, the documentary method has rarely been received outside the German-speaking region or in the field of criminology in general. Additionally, while ethnographic semantics is a recognized means of analysis in the field of ethnography, it is less known in criminological research. This paper proposes that the approaches in themselves but especially a combination of both allow for a deeper understanding of the cultural practices, everyday routines, and implicit knowledge of security actors. While the police are a constant focus of criminological and social science resear...
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - November 29, 2022 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
The organization of the human organ trade: a comparative crime script analysis
This study fills critical knowledge gaps into the organization of organ trade utilizing crime script analysis. Adopting a situational crime prevention approach, this article draws from law enforcement data to compare the crime commission process (activities, cast and locations) of 2 prosecuted organ trade cases: theMedicus case and theNetcare case. Both cases involved transnational criminal networks that performed kidney transplants from living donors. We further present similarities and differences between illegal and legal living donor kidney transplants that may help guide identification and disruption of illegal tran...
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - November 29, 2022 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
Ethnographic semantics and documentary method in criminology. A combination of reconstructive approaches using the example of Municipal Law Enforcement Services
AbstractAlthough a common German sociological methodology, the documentary method has rarely been received outside the German-speaking region or in the field of criminology in general. Additionally, while ethnographic semantics is a recognized means of analysis in the field of ethnography, it is less known in criminological research. This paper proposes that the approaches in themselves but especially a combination of both allow for a deeper understanding of the cultural practices, everyday routines, and implicit knowledge of security actors. While the police are a constant focus of criminological and social science resear...
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - November 29, 2022 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
The organizational reasons for wrongdoing. The case of Italy ’s Superior Council of the Judiciary (CSM)
This article aims at analyzing the organizational reasons for wrongdoing in the CSM affair, a scandal that shed light on the deviant pract ices for career paths within the Italian judiciary system. By relying on documents and several semi-structured interviews to judges, public prosecutors, and experts in the field, we reconstructed actual practices for career advancement (extra-legal governance) and compared them with formal policies (legal governance). Our analysis shows that deviant practices were not merely occasional episodes of favoritism, but were part of an extra-legal governance system that involved virtually all ...
Source: Crime, Law and Social Change - November 21, 2022 Category: Criminology Source Type: research
