Syphilis in Neonates and Infants
Syphilis in neonates and infants remains a significant public health problem because it is a major cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. Despite decades of experience with syphilis in adults and infants, maternal and congenital syphilis are increasing substantially in the United States. The vertical transmission, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and follow-up are reviewed to guide the health care professional in understanding the optimal management of this preventable disease. (Source: Clinics in Perinatology)
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - May 22, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Alexandra K. Medoro, Pablo J. S ánchez Source Type: research
Ebola, Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika Infections in Neonates and Infants
Emerging infectious diseases, including Ebola, chikungunya, Zika, and dengue, may have significant impacts on maternal-fetal dyads and neonatal outcomes. Pregnant women infected with Ebola demonstrate high mortality and very low evidence of neonatal survival. Maternal chikungunya infection can result in high rates of perinatal transmission, and infected neonates demonstrate variable disease severity. Dengue can be transmitted to neonates via vertical transmission or perinatal transmission. Zika is characterized by mild disease in pregnant women, but congenital infection can be severe. Treatment largely is supportive for th...
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - May 22, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Annabelle de St. Maurice, Elizabeth Ervin, Alison Chu Source Type: research
Hepatitis C Virus in Neonates and Infants
Hepatitis C virus prevalence has steeply risen among pregnant women in association with the opioid epidemic and the major national infectious diseases and liver society guidelines recommend universal hepatitis C virus testing in pregnancy. All infants born to mothers with hepatitis C virus infection should be evaluated. Many children spontaneously clear hepatitis C virus or remain minimally symptomatic, but some develop significant liver disease if untreated. With hepatitis C virus cure available starting at age 3, we must improve programs to identify and cure hepatitis C virus-infected women and infants with the goal of e...
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - May 22, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Rachel L. Epstein, Claudia Espinosa Source Type: research
The Role of Breast Milk in Infectious Disease
This article addresses ways to decrease these occurrences to maintain the inherent anti-infectious properties of human milk and preserve the health of our neonatal population. (Source: Clinics in Perinatology)
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - May 22, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Laura S. Madore, Donna J. Fisher Source Type: research
Antibiotic Stewardship for the Neonatologist and Perinatologist
Antibiotic use is common in the neonatal intensive care unit. The density and heterogeneity of antibiotic prescribing suggests inappropriate and overuse of these agents. Potential antibiotic stewardship targets include sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and perioperative prophylaxis. Diagnostic stewardship principles, including appropriately obtained cultures, may be leveraged to decrease unnecessary antibiotic prescribing. Strategies including guideline development, prospective audit and feedback, and formulary restriction have been successfully deployed in the neonatal intensive care unit to improve the quality of antibi...
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - May 22, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Sophie Katz, Ritu Banerjee, Hayden Schwenk Source Type: research
Immunization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit are at risk for severe infections and infectious complications caused by vaccine-preventable diseases. Both maternal and neonatal vaccination prevent such infections and improve outcomes for premature infants. An understanding of vaccine efficacy, safety, and administration recommendations, as well as reasons for vaccine hesitancy among clinicians and caregivers, facilitate strategies for improving vaccination rates for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Timely vaccination of premature infants confers important protection and improves vaccination rate...
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - May 22, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Dustin D. Flannery, Kelly C. Wade Source Type: research
Infection Prevention in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Although many aspects of infection prevention and control (IPC) mirror institutional efforts, optimization of IPC practices in the neonatal intensive care unit requires careful consideration of its unique population and environment, addressed here for key IPC domains. In addition, innovative mitigation efforts to address challenges specific to limited resource settings are discussed. (Source: Clinics in Perinatology)
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - May 22, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Julia Johnson, Ibukunoluwa C. Akinboyo, Joshua K. Schaffzin Source Type: research
Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis
Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates and is challenging to diagnose. Infants manifest nonspecific clinical signs in response to sepsis; these signs may be caused by noninfectious conditions. Time to antibiotics affects neonatal sepsis outcome, so clinicians need to identify and treat neonates with sepsis expeditiously. Clinicians use serum biomarkers to measure inflammation and infection and assess the infant ’s risk of sepsis. However, current biomarkers lack sufficient sensitivity or specificity to be consider useful diagnostic tools. Continued research to identify novel biomarkers as...
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - May 22, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Joseph B. Cantey, John H. Lee Source Type: research
Chagas Disease
Pregnancy-based screening would identify women with Chagas disease, allowing for treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi –infected women and infants to prevent potentially fatal Chagas cardiomyopathy. (Source: Clinics in Perinatology)
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - May 22, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Morven S. Edwards, Susan P. Montgomery Source Type: research
Neonatal-Perinatal Infections: An Update
For as long as humankind has been birthing children, congenital and perinatal infections have been a major cause of morbidity and mortality among newborns. Our understanding of the complex mechanisms of maternal and infant immunity and infection continues to evolve, from the discovery that syphilis could be transmitted from infected women to their infants in the sixteenth century to the identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in placental tissue in 2020. Our understanding of neonatal and perinatal infections has increased substantially since the publication of the 2015 issue devoted to this topic....
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - May 22, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Joseph B. Cantey, Andi L. Shane Tags: Preface Source Type: research
Neonates Have a Lot More at Stake When It Comes to Infections
For a variety of reasons, including of course COVID-19, the year 2020 will remain etched in our memories forever! Even though its impact on pediatric patients was not as severe, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus disrupted lives and caused unparalleled misery and loss of life.1,2 Studies are just beginning to emerge about COVID-19 long-haulers and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), reminding us that many of these infections leave a long trail of secondary effects even if the initial disease was mild. (Source: Clinics in Perinatology)
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - May 22, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Lucky Jain Tags: Foreword Source Type: research
CME Accreditation Page
(Source: Clinics in Perinatology)
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - May 22, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Source Type: research
Perinatal and Neonatal Infections
CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY (Source: Clinics in Perinatology)
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - May 22, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: JOSEPH B. CANTEY, ANDI L. SHANE Source Type: research
Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Clinics in Perinatology)
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - May 22, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Source Type: research
Contributors
LUCKY JAIN, MD, MBA (Source: Clinics in Perinatology)
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - May 22, 2021 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Source Type: research
