Neonatal and Perinatal Nutrition
CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY (Source: Clinics in Perinatology)
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - June 1, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Akhil Maheshwari, Jonathan R. Swanson Source Type: research
Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Clinics in Perinatology)
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - June 1, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Source Type: research
Contributors
LUCKY JAIN, MD, MBA (Source: Clinics in Perinatology)
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - June 1, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Source Type: research
Contents
Lucky Jain (Source: Clinics in Perinatology)
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - June 1, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Source Type: research
Forthcoming Issues
Advances in Imaging of the Fetus and Newborn (Source: Clinics in Perinatology)
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - June 1, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Source Type: research
Neonatal Glucose Homeostasis
Hypoglycemia is a common condition in the newborn period. Several intrinsic and extrinsic factors play a role in the degree/duration of hypoglycemia. Multiple thresholds have been proposed as a potential point whereby hypoglycemia may have short and long-term adverse effects. Rather than a “numerical” threshold, treatment approaches should be individualized and tailored to the etiology, symptoms, and neonatal underlying conditions. Hyperglycemia in the newborn period is commonly seen in preterm infants and can exert gluco-toxic effects in organs at critical periods of development. Considering the peripheral insulin res...
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - April 21, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Cynthia L. Blanco, Jennifer Kim Source Type: research
Lipids and Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Preterm Infants
Fatty acids are critical bioactives for fetal and neonatal development. Premature delivery and current nutritional strategies pose several challenges in restoring fatty acid balance in the preterm infant. The impact on fatty acid balance and outcomes using lipid emulsions, enteral nutrition, and enteral supplements are reviewed, including a summary of the most recent large clinical trials of enteral fatty acid supplementation for the preterm infant. Research gaps remain in successfully implementing nutritional strategies to optimize fatty acid status in preterm infants. (Source: Clinics in Perinatology)
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - April 21, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Kristin Santoro, Camilia R. Martin Source Type: research
Cerebral Effects of Neonatal Dysglycemia
This article summarizes the available evidence reporting the relationship between perinatal dysglycemia and long-term neurodevelopment. We review the physiology of perinatal glucose metabolism and discuss the controversies surrounding definitions of perinatal dysglycemia. We briefly review the epidemiology of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in fetal, preterm, and term infants. We discuss potential pathophysiologic mechanisms contributing to dysglycemia and its effect on neurodevelopment. We highlight current strategies to prevent and treat dysglycemia in the context of neurodevelopmental outcomes. Finally, we discuss areas ...
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - April 21, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Megan E. Paulsen, Raghavendra B. Rao Source Type: research
Human Milk Fortification: A Practical Analysis of Current Evidence
This article discusses the variability of HM including differences between maternal and pasteurized donor human milk (DHM), fortification of HM through the use of single- and multi-nutrient fortifiers, and clinical controversies including the timing of fortification, volume of feedings, and future innovations in HM fortification. (Source: Clinics in Perinatology)
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - April 21, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Erynn M. Bergner, Sarah N. Taylor, Laura A. Gollins, Amy B. Hair Source Type: research
Infant Nutrition in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
The burden of infant malnutrition is greatest in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Infant malnutrition is defined based on distinct subcategories, among them stunting (low-height-for-age) and wasting (low-weight-for-height). Some experts are shifting more toward understanding the interplay between these overlapping phenotypes and other confounding factors such as maternal nutrition and environmental hygiene. Current guidelines emphasize appropriate breastfeeding and nutrition within the 1000 days from conception to a child’s second birthday to optimize early development. Future research directed toward better b...
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - April 21, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Aamir Javaid, Sana Syed Source Type: research
Nutritional Supplements to Improve Outcomes in Preterm Neonates
Preterm infants are at higher risk of mortality and morbidity compared with those born at term. Nutrition-related morbidities include poor growth, immune deficiency, nutritional deficiencies, and adverse long-term neurodevelopment. In addition to macronutrients, many nutritional supplements have been used to enhance growth and development, and decrease infections. Nutrients can enhance preterm infants ’ immune status, optimize the microbiome, improve growth and development, and influence the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, and other outcomes. (Source: Clinics in Perinatology)
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - April 21, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Mohan Pammi, Ravi M. Patel Source Type: research
Short Bowel Syndrome and Dysmotility
Due to recent advances, the mortality due to short bowel syndrome (SBS) has significantly decreased, but the morbidities are still high. Morbidities arising specifically due to dysmotility in SBS include feeding intolerance, prolonged dependence on parenteral nutrition, and associated complications such as intestinal failure associated liver disease, and bloodstream infections. The understanding of the pathogenesis of dysmotility in SBS has improved vastly. However, the tools to diagnose dysmotility in SBS in infants are restrictive, and the medical therapies to treat dysmotility are limited. Surgical techniques available ...
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - April 21, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Muralidhar H. Premkumar Source Type: research
Malabsorption Syndromes and Food Intolerance
Feeding intolerance is ubiquitous in neonatal intensive care units with as many signs and symptoms as possible diagnoses. Optimizing nutrition is paramount in both preterm and term infants. Determining the cause of feeding intolerance and adjusting nutrition interventions is an important part of the daily care of newborns. This review discusses the role of malabsorption and food intolerance as possible causes of nutrition difficulties in the newborn. (Source: Clinics in Perinatology)
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - April 21, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Jonathan Medernach, Jeremy P. Middleton Source Type: research
Nutritional Management of Short Bowel Syndrome
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) of infancy is a cause of prolonged morbidity with intolerance to enteral feeding, specialized nutritional needs, and partial/total dependence on parenteral nutrition. These infants can benefit from individualized nutritional strategies to support and enhance the process of intestinal adaptation. Early introduction of enteral feeds during the period of intestinal adaptation is crucial, even though the enteral feedings may need to be supplemented with an effective, safe, and nutritionally adequate parenteral nutritional regimen. Newer generation intravenous lipid emulsions can be effective in preve...
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - April 21, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Muralidhar H. Premkumar, Amuchou Soraisham, Nitasha Bagga, L. Adriana Massieu, Akhil Maheshwari Source Type: research
The Lifelong Imprint of Early Nutrition
A significant body of evidence indicates that the impact of maternal and fetal nutrition goes well beyond the neonatal period. Beginning with early gestation, the first 1000 days represent a time when nutritional factors can have a lasting impact for the rest of the life.1 While the pathophysiologic effects of severe maternal undernutrition–induced intrauterine growth retardation are well described, severe gestational obesity and excessive nutrition have significant endocrine disruption effects, although the underlying mechanisms are not as well understood. (Source: Clinics in Perinatology)
Source: Clinics in Perinatology - April 21, 2022 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Lucky Jain Tags: Foreword Source Type: research
