Concreteness ratings for 36,000 Estonian words
We present a collection of concreteness ratings for 35,979 words in Estonian. The data were collected via a web application from 2278 native Estonian speakers. Human ratings of concreteness have not been collected for Estonian beforehand. We compare our results to Aedmaa et al. (2018), who assigned concreteness ratings to 240,000 Estonian words by means of machine learning. We show that while these two datasets show reasonable correlation (R = 0.71), there are considerable differences in the distribution of the ratings, which we discuss in this paper. Furthermore, the results also raise questions about the importance of th...
Source: Behavior Research Methods - December 22, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mariann Proos Mari Aigro Source Type: research
Temporal stability of Bayesian belief updating in perceptual decision-making
Behav Res Methods. 2023 Dec 21. doi: 10.3758/s13428-023-02306-y. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBayesian inference suggests that perception is inferred from a weighted integration of prior contextual beliefs with current sensory evidence (likelihood) about the world around us. The perceived precision or uncertainty associated with prior and likelihood information is used to guide perceptual decision-making, such that more weight is placed on the source of information with greater precision. This provides a framework for understanding a spectrum of clinical transdiagnostic symptoms associated with aberrant perception, as wel...
Source: Behavior Research Methods - December 22, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Isabella Goodwin Robert Hester Marta I Garrido Source Type: research
Detecting non-content-based response styles in survey data: An application of mixture factor analysis
In this study, we propose a specification of factor mixture analysis (FMA) to detect nCB responses. We investigated the usefulness and effectiveness of the FMA model in detecting nCB responses using both simulated data (Study 1) and real data (Study 2). In the first study, FMA showed reasonably robust sensitivity (.60 to .86) and excellent specificity (.96 to .99) on mixed-worded scales, suggesting that FMA had superior properties as a screening tool under different sample conditions. However, FMA performance was poor on scales composed of only positive items because of the difficulty in distinguishing acquiescent patterns...
Source: Behavior Research Methods - December 22, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: V íctor B Arias Fernando P Ponce Luis E Garrido Mar ía Dolores Nieto-Cañaveras Agust ín Martínez-Molina Benito Arias Source Type: research
From cross-lagged effects to feedback effects: Further insights into the estimation and interpretation of bidirectional relations
This study provides guidance for applied researchers interested in further examining feedback effects in bidirectional relations, and the shift from focusing on cross-lagged effects only to a comprehensive consideration of feedback effects may provide new insights into the study of bidirectional relations.PMID:38129735 | DOI:10.3758/s13428-023-02304-0 (Source: Behavior Research Methods)
Source: Behavior Research Methods - December 22, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Xiaohui Luo Hongyun Liu Yueqin Hu Source Type: research
Distorted correlations among censored data: causes, effects, and correction
We describe five circumstances when censoring may occur, demonstrate censoring distorts correlations, and discuss how censoring can create spurious factors. Next, we explain how to use R package lava to calculate maximum likelihood estimates (Holst and Budtz-Jørgensen Computational Statistics, 28(4), 1385-1452, 2013) of correlations between uncensored variables based upon censored variables. Previous research demonstrated these estimates were more accurate than Muthén's (1984) estimate for one particular model, but no research has systematically examined their accuracy. We therefore conducted a simulation study exploring...
Source: Behavior Research Methods - December 22, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kimberly A Barchard James A Russell Source Type: research
Automatic assessment of divergent thinking in Chinese language with TransDis: A transformer-based language model approach
Behav Res Methods. 2023 Dec 21. doi: 10.3758/s13428-023-02313-z. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLanguage models have been increasingly popular for automatic creativity assessment, generating semantic distances to objectively measure the quality of creative ideas. However, there is currently a lack of an automatic assessment system for evaluating creative ideas in the Chinese language. To address this gap, we developed TransDis, a scoring system using transformer-based language models, capable of providing valid originality (novelty) and flexibility (variety) scores for Alternative Uses Task (AUT) responses in Chinese. Study...
Source: Behavior Research Methods - December 22, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Tianchen Yang Qifan Zhang Zhaoyang Sun Yubo Hou Source Type: research
Concreteness ratings for 36,000 Estonian words
We present a collection of concreteness ratings for 35,979 words in Estonian. The data were collected via a web application from 2278 native Estonian speakers. Human ratings of concreteness have not been collected for Estonian beforehand. We compare our results to Aedmaa et al. (2018), who assigned concreteness ratings to 240,000 Estonian words by means of machine learning. We show that while these two datasets show reasonable correlation (R = 0.71), there are considerable differences in the distribution of the ratings, which we discuss in this paper. Furthermore, the results also raise questions about the importance of th...
Source: Behavior Research Methods - December 22, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mariann Proos Mari Aigro Source Type: research
Temporal stability of Bayesian belief updating in perceptual decision-making
Behav Res Methods. 2023 Dec 21. doi: 10.3758/s13428-023-02306-y. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBayesian inference suggests that perception is inferred from a weighted integration of prior contextual beliefs with current sensory evidence (likelihood) about the world around us. The perceived precision or uncertainty associated with prior and likelihood information is used to guide perceptual decision-making, such that more weight is placed on the source of information with greater precision. This provides a framework for understanding a spectrum of clinical transdiagnostic symptoms associated with aberrant perception, as wel...
Source: Behavior Research Methods - December 22, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Isabella Goodwin Robert Hester Marta I Garrido Source Type: research
Detecting non-content-based response styles in survey data: An application of mixture factor analysis
In this study, we propose a specification of factor mixture analysis (FMA) to detect nCB responses. We investigated the usefulness and effectiveness of the FMA model in detecting nCB responses using both simulated data (Study 1) and real data (Study 2). In the first study, FMA showed reasonably robust sensitivity (.60 to .86) and excellent specificity (.96 to .99) on mixed-worded scales, suggesting that FMA had superior properties as a screening tool under different sample conditions. However, FMA performance was poor on scales composed of only positive items because of the difficulty in distinguishing acquiescent patterns...
Source: Behavior Research Methods - December 22, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: V íctor B Arias Fernando P Ponce Luis E Garrido Mar ía Dolores Nieto-Cañaveras Agust ín Martínez-Molina Benito Arias Source Type: research
From cross-lagged effects to feedback effects: Further insights into the estimation and interpretation of bidirectional relations
This study provides guidance for applied researchers interested in further examining feedback effects in bidirectional relations, and the shift from focusing on cross-lagged effects only to a comprehensive consideration of feedback effects may provide new insights into the study of bidirectional relations.PMID:38129735 | DOI:10.3758/s13428-023-02304-0 (Source: Behavior Research Methods)
Source: Behavior Research Methods - December 22, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Xiaohui Luo Hongyun Liu Yueqin Hu Source Type: research
Distorted correlations among censored data: causes, effects, and correction
We describe five circumstances when censoring may occur, demonstrate censoring distorts correlations, and discuss how censoring can create spurious factors. Next, we explain how to use R package lava to calculate maximum likelihood estimates (Holst and Budtz-Jørgensen Computational Statistics, 28(4), 1385-1452, 2013) of correlations between uncensored variables based upon censored variables. Previous research demonstrated these estimates were more accurate than Muthén's (1984) estimate for one particular model, but no research has systematically examined their accuracy. We therefore conducted a simulation study exploring...
Source: Behavior Research Methods - December 22, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kimberly A Barchard James A Russell Source Type: research
Automatic assessment of divergent thinking in Chinese language with TransDis: A transformer-based language model approach
Behav Res Methods. 2023 Dec 21. doi: 10.3758/s13428-023-02313-z. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLanguage models have been increasingly popular for automatic creativity assessment, generating semantic distances to objectively measure the quality of creative ideas. However, there is currently a lack of an automatic assessment system for evaluating creative ideas in the Chinese language. To address this gap, we developed TransDis, a scoring system using transformer-based language models, capable of providing valid originality (novelty) and flexibility (variety) scores for Alternative Uses Task (AUT) responses in Chinese. Study...
Source: Behavior Research Methods - December 22, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Tianchen Yang Qifan Zhang Zhaoyang Sun Yubo Hou Source Type: research
Concreteness ratings for 36,000 Estonian words
We present a collection of concreteness ratings for 35,979 words in Estonian. The data were collected via a web application from 2278 native Estonian speakers. Human ratings of concreteness have not been collected for Estonian beforehand. We compare our results to Aedmaa et al. (2018), who assigned concreteness ratings to 240,000 Estonian words by means of machine learning. We show that while these two datasets show reasonable correlation (R = 0.71), there are considerable differences in the distribution of the ratings, which we discuss in this paper. Furthermore, the results also raise questions about the importance of th...
Source: Behavior Research Methods - December 22, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mariann Proos Mari Aigro Source Type: research
Precise localization of corneal reflections in eye images using deep learning trained on synthetic data
We present a deep learning method for accurately localizing the center of a single corneal reflection (CR) in an eye image. Unlike previous approaches, we use a convolutional neural network (CNN) that was trained solely using synthetic data. Using only synthetic data has the benefit of completely sidestepping the time-consuming process of manual annotation that is required for supervised training on real eye images. To systematically evaluate the accuracy of our method, we first tested it on images with synthetic CRs placed on different backgrounds and embedded in varying levels of noise. Second, we tested the method on tw...
Source: Behavior Research Methods - December 20, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sean Anthony Byrne Marcus Nystr öm Virmarie Maquiling Enkelejda Kasneci Diederick C Niehorster Source Type: research
Language with vision: A study on grounded word and sentence embeddings
Behav Res Methods. 2023 Dec 19. doi: 10.3758/s13428-023-02294-z. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGrounding language in vision is an active field of research seeking to construct cognitively plausible word and sentence representations by incorporating perceptual knowledge from vision into text-based representations. Despite many attempts at language grounding, achieving an optimal equilibrium between textual representations of the language and our embodied experiences remains an open field. Some common concerns are the following. Is visual grounding advantageous for abstract words, or is its effectiveness restricted to concre...
Source: Behavior Research Methods - December 20, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hassan Shahmohammadi Maria Heitmeier Elnaz Shafaei-Bajestan Hendrik P A Lensch R Harald Baayen Source Type: research
