Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Parameterized aperiodic and periodic components of single-channel EEG enables reliable seizure detection
This study is aimed to propose an effective single-channel EEG seizure detection method centered on novel EEG power parameterization and channel selection algorithms.  We employed the publicly available multi-channel CHB-MIT Scalp EEG database to gauge the effectiveness of our approach. We first adapted a power spectra parameterization algorithm to characterize the aperiodic and periodic components of the ictal and inter-ictal EEGs. We selected four features bas ed on their statistical significance and interpretability, and developed a ranking approach to channel selection for each patient. We then tested the effectivenes...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - September 25, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Blood pressure estimation and classification using a reference signal-less photoplethysmography signal: a deep learning framework
AbstractThe markers that help to predict th function of a cardiovascular system are hemodynamic parameters like blood pressure (BP), stroke volume, heart rate, and cardiac output. Continuous analysis of hemodynamic parameters such as BP can detect abnormalities earlier, preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, sometimes due to motion artifacts, it becomes difficult to monitor the BP accurately and classify it. This work presents an optimized deep learning model having the capability to estimate the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and classify the BP stages simultaneously from the...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - September 25, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Regression fitting megavoltage depth dose curves to determine material relative electron density in radiotherapy
AbstractThe relative electron density (RED) parameter is ubiquitous throughout radiotherapy for clinical dosimetry and treatment planning purposes as it provides a more accurate description of the relevant radiological properties over mass density alone. RED is in practice determined indirectly from calibrated CT Hounsfield Units (HU). While CT images provide useful 3D information, the spectral differences between CT and clinical LINAC beams may impact the validity of the CT-ED calibration, especially in the context of novel tissue-mimicking materials where deviations from biologically typical atomic number to atomic weigh...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - September 21, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Correction to: Weight-bearing cone-beam CT with extensive coverage for volumetric imaging in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: system implementation and initial validation
(Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine)
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - September 21, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Physical characteristics of deep learning-based image processing software in computed tomography: a phantom study
ConclusionDLIPFBP reduced image noise while maintaining a resolution similar to commercially available MBIR and DLR. The slight spatial frequency shift offP in DLIPFBP contributed to the noise texture degradation suppression. The NPS suppression in the low spatial frequency range effectively improved the low-contrast detectability. (Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine)
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - September 19, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

LED light can falsify pulse oximetry readings via the stroboscopic effect
AbstractBecause of its simplicity, pulse oximetry plays a ubiquitous role in neonatology. Its measurements are based on the absorption of light by hemoglobin. Ambient light can affect these values, therefore algorithms are designed to compensate for constant ambient light. Modern light-emitting diodes often flicker at a very high frequency. Such flickering ambient light can lead to significant measurement errors in saturation. To present a novel way in which light-emitting diodes influence the function of pulse oximeters and to demonstrate mathematically that a stroboscopic effect may well be responsible for this disturban...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - September 19, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Enhanced premature ventricular contraction pulse detection and classification using deep convolutional neural network
AbstractAccess to accurate and precise monitoring systems for cardiac arrhythmia could contribute significantly to preventing damage and subsequent heart disorders. The present research concentrates on using photoplethysmography (PPG) and arterial blood pressure (ABP) with deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) for the classification and detection of fetal cardiac arrhythmia or premature ventricular contractions (PMVCs). The framework for the study entails (Icentia 11k) a public dataset of ECG signals consisting of different cardiac abnormalities. Following this, the weights obtained from the Icentia 11k dataset are tran...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - September 18, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Three-dimensional CT imaging in extensor tendons using deep learning reconstruction: optimal reconstruction parameters and the influence of dose
The objective image quality for tendon detectability was evaluated by calculating the low-contrast object specific contrast-to-noise ratio (CNRLO) in the phantom study and CNR and coefficient of variation (CV) in the clinical study. In the phantom study, CNRLO (at 200 mA) of AiCE parameters (body, body sharp, brain CTA, and brain LCD) and AIDR 3D were 5.2, 5.3, 5.3, 5.8, and 5.0, respectively. In the clinical study, AiCE brain CTA was higher CNR and lower CV values compared to other reconstruction parameters. AiCE without dose reduction may be an effective strategy for further improving the image quality of extensor tendon...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - September 18, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Analysis of dual-energy mammography subtraction technique for the dose and image quality evaluation using 3D-printed breast phantom
This study aimed to quantitatively assess the radiation dose using XR-QA2 and the image quality of the dual-energy subtraction mammography technique on an in-house phantom. The analysis was carried out to investigate the effect of targets/filters on dose value and image quality using an in-house phantom made of PLA  + as an object representing compressed breasts. All irradiation parameters were performed in the craniocaudal position with manual mode. Mean glandular dose (MGD) was recorded, followed by the calculation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and modulation transfer function (MT...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - September 18, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

A novel in silico Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum patients
AbstractThe purpose of this study is to suggest a novel in silico Nuss procedure that can predict the results of chest wall deformity correction. Three-dimensional (3D) geometric and finite element model of the chest wall were built from the 15-year-old male adolescent patient ’s computed tomography (CT) image with pectus excavatum of the mild deformity. A simulation of anterior translating the metal bar (T) and a simulation of maintaining equilibrium after 180-degree rotation (RE) were performed respectively. A RE simulation using the chest wall finite element model wi th intercostal muscles (REM) was also performed. Fi...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - September 11, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Generation of fluoroscopy-alike radiographs as alternative datasets for deep learning in interventional radiology
AbstractIn fluoroscopy-guided interventions (FGIs), obtaining large quantities of labelled data for deep learning (DL) can be difficult. Synthetic labelled data can serve as an alternative, generated via pseudo 2D projections of CT volumetric data. However, contrasted vessels have low visibility in simple 2D projections of contrasted CT data. To overcome this, we propose an alternative method to generate fluoroscopy-like radiographs from contrasted head CT Angiography (CTA) volumetric data. The technique involves segmentation of brain tissue, bone, and contrasted vessels from CTA volumetric data, followed by an algorithm t...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - September 11, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Material decomposition using dual-energy CT with unsupervised learning
AbstractMaterial decomposition (MD) is an application of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) that decomposes DECT images into specific material images. However, the direct inversion method used in MD often amplifies noise in the decomposed material images, resulting in lower image quality. To address this issue, we propose an image-domain MD method based on the concept of deep image prior (DIP). DIP is an unsupervised learning method that can perform different tasks without using a large training dataset with known targets (i.e., basis material images). We retrospectively recruited patients who underwent non-contrast br...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - September 11, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Use of light-weight foaming polylactic acid as a lung-equivalent material in 3D printed phantoms
In this study, the expansion of foaming PLA filament was characterised for two 3D printers with different nozzle diameters, in order to optimise the printing flow rates required to achieve a low density print when printed at 100% in-fill printing density, without noticeable internal air gaps. Effective densities as low as 0.28  g cm− 3 were shown to be achievable with only microscopic air gaps. Light-weight foaming PLA filaments are a cost-effective method for achieving homogeneous lung-equivalency in 3D printed phantoms for use in radiotherapy imaging and dosimetry, featuring smaller air gaps than required to achieve...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - September 6, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Potential biomarker for early detection of ADHD using phase-based brain connectivity and graph theory
This study employed two distinct brain functional connectivity measurements to assess our approach across various local graph features. Six common classifiers are employed to distinguish between children with ADHD and healthy control. Based on the phase-based analysis, the study pro poses two biomarkers that differentiate children with ADHD from healthy control, with a remarkable accuracy of 99.174%. Our findings suggest that subgraph centrality of phase-lag index brain connectivity within the beta and delta frequency bands could be a promising biomarker for ADHD diagnosis. Add itionally, we identify node betweenness centr...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - September 5, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Evaluation of physical properties and image of polyvinyl chloride as breast tissue equivalence for dual-modality (mammography and ultrasound)
This study aimed to evaluate and obtain polyvinyl chloride tissue mimicking material for dual-modality breast phantoms in mammography and ultrasound. Breast tissue equivalence was evaluated based on X-ray attenuation properties, speed of sound, attenuation, and acoustic impedance. There are six samples of PVC-plasticizer material with variations of PVC concentration and additives. The evaluation of X-ray attenuation was carried out using mammography from 23 to 35  kV, while the acoustic properties were assessed with mode A ultrasound and a transducer frequency of 5 MHz. A breast phantom was created from TMP material with...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - September 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research