Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.MRI image synthesis for fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion-weighted images with deep learning
This study aims to synthesize fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and diffusion-weighted images (DWI) with a deep conditional adversarial network from T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. A total of 1980 images of 102 patients were split into two datasets: 1470 (68 patients) in a training set and 510 (34 patients) in a test set. The prediction framework was based on a convolutional neural network with a generator and discriminator. T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and composite images were used as inputs. The digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) images were converted to 8-bit red ...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - January 30, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Non-calcified active atherosclerosis plaque detection with 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG PET/CT dynamic imaging
This study was aimed to assess the behavior of 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake in the aorta and iliac arteries as a function of plaque density on CT images. We report metabolically active artery plaques associated to inflammation in the absence of calcification. 18 elderly volunteers were recruited and imaged with computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG. A total of 1338 arterial segments were analyzed, 766 were non-calcified and 572 had calcifications. For both 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG, the mean SUV values were found statistically signifi...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - January 30, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Intraoperative thermal infrared imaging in neurosurgery: machine learning approaches for advanced segmentation of tumors
AbstractSurgical resection is one of the most relevant practices in neurosurgery. Finding the correct surgical extent of the tumor is a key question and so far several techniques have been employed to assist the neurosurgeon in preserving the maximum amount of healthy tissue. Some of these methods are invasive for patients, not always allowing high precision in the detection of the tumor area. The aim of this study is to overcome these limitations, developing machine learning based models, relying on features obtained from a contactless and non-invasive technique, the thermal infrared (IR) imaging. The thermal IR videos of...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - January 30, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Knee positioning systems for X-ray environment: a literature review
AbstractThe knee is one of the most stressed joints of the human body, being susceptible to ligament injuries and degenerative diseases. Due to the rising incidence of knee pathologies, the number of knee X-rays acquired is also increasing. Such X-rays are obtained for the diagnosis of knee injuries, the evaluation of the knee before and after surgery, and the monitoring of the knee joint ’s stability. These types of diagnosis and monitoring of the knee usually involve radiography under physical stress. This widely used medical tool provides a more objective analysis of the measurement of the knee laxity than a physical ...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - January 24, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Comparing log file to measurement-based patient-specific quality assurance
The objectives of this study are to: (1) compare how well the log file-based Mobius QA system agrees with measurement-based QA methods (ArcCHECK and portal dosimetry, PD) in passing and failing plans, and; (2) evaluate their error sensitivities. To these ends, ten phantom plans and 100 patient plans were measured with ArcCHECK and PD on VitalBeam, while log files were sent to Mobius for dose recalculation. Gamma evaluation was performed using criteria 3%/2 mm, per TG218 recommendations, and non-inferiority of the Mobius recalculation was determined with statistical testing. Ten random plans were edited to include systema...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - January 23, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Usefulness of large beam-shaping filters at different tube voltages of newborn chest CT
Conclusion: The large beam shaping filter had the most dose reduction effect during newborn chest CT on a GE Lightspeed VCT scanner. The additional copper filtration being present in the large bowtie filter of the GE Lightspeed CT scanner when using different tube voltages is more effectiv e in reducing radiation exposure in children. (Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine)
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - January 12, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Transfer learning-based ensemble convolutional neural network for accelerated diagnosis of foot fractures
AbstractThe complex shape of the foot, consisting of 26 bones, variable ligaments, tendons, and muscles leads to misdiagnosis of foot fractures. Despite the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) to diagnose fractures, the accuracy of foot fracture diagnosis is lower than that of conventional methods. We developed an AI assistant system that assists with consistent diagnosis and helps interns or non-experts improve their diagnosis of foot fractures, and compared the effectiveness of the AI assistance on various groups with different proficiency. Contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization was used to improve the...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - January 10, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Heart function grading evaluation based on heart sounds and convolutional neural networks
AbstractAccurate and rapid cardiac function assessment is critical for disease diagnosis and treatment strategy. However, the current cardiac function assessment methods have their adaptability and limitations. Heart sounds (HS) can reflect changes in heart function. Therefore, HS signals were proposed to assess cardiac function, and a specially designed pruning convolutional neural network (CNN) was applied to recognize subjects ’ cardiac function at different levels in this paper. Firstly, the adaptive wavelet denoising algorithm and logistic regression based hidden semi-Markov model were utilized for signal denoising ...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - January 10, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Assessment of thoracic spinal curvatures in static postures using spatially tracked 3D ultrasound volumes: a proof-of-concept study
This study implies that localised 3D US holds the potential for the assessment of full spinal posture by accurately and non-invasively localising vertebrae in space. (Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine)
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - January 10, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Blood glucose estimation based on ECG signal
AbstractSuccessful self-management of diabetes requires Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs). These CGMs have several limitations such as being invasive, expensive and limited in terms of use. Many techniques, in vain, have been proposed to overcome these limitations. Nowadays, with the help of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) technologies, researchers are working to find alternative solutions. They succeed to predict hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia peaks using Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. However, they failed to use it to estimate the Blood Glucose Concentration (BGC) directly and in real time. Three patients with 0...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - January 3, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
On the measurement of scaling factors in the RW3 plastic phantom during high energy electron beam dosimetry
This study evaluates these scaling factors for RW3 slab phantom and also introduces a new coefficient, k(RW3), for direct conversion from RW3 measurements to water without involving scaling factors. The RW3 solid phantom developed by the PTW Company was used and the corresponding scaling factors including cpl, hpl, and k(RW3) were measured for conventional electron energies of 4, 6, 9, 12, and 16 MeV. Separate measurements were performed in water and the RW3 slab phantom using the Advanced Markus chamber. The validity of the reported scaling factors was confirmed by comparing the direct and indirect percentage depth dose...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - January 3, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Blood-repellent and anti-corrosive surface by spin-coated SWCNT layer on intravascular stent materials
In this study, Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) structures were deposited using the spin-coating method on stent specimens made of 316L, 316LVM, CoCr-alloy, and Ti-alloy. Hydrophobicity and blood-repellency functions of coated and uncoated specimens were analysed by the Contact Angle (CA) values for distilled water (DIW), glycerol, blood plasma, and total-blood droplets using a computer-controlled goniometer system. Using a potentiostat, the electrochemical corrosion resistance features were analysed from obtained Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel curves in 37 °C Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) mi...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - January 2, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
An iterative algorithm for computing gradient directions for white matter fascicles detection in brain MRI
AbstractThis paper proposes a new iterative algorithm for computing gradient directions (GD) to reconstruct the brain ’s white matter fascicles. In particular, the proposed algorithm extensively overcomes the limitations of existing approaches like Uniform Gradient Directions and Adaptive Gradient Directions (AGD) for this task. The proposed algorithm uses the AGD approach to have a coarse estimation of the fiber s in the initial step, and then a refinement is done using an iterative strategy. We begin with GD distributed uniformly inside a grid of bigger size and larger spacing between the points. Both (grid size and sp...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - January 2, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Design and analysis of polycentric prosthetic knee with enhanced kinematics and stability
AbstractThis paper describes a continuation of earlier work using the finite element method to conduct an engineering failure analysis of an existing polycentric prosthetic knee. The primary purpose of this work is to enhance the quality of the existing knee which has been reported with multiple cases of failure during its clinical practice in India. A modified design of the polycentric knee has been proposed based on the findings of failure analysis. Simulation-based comparative analysis of polycentric k nees has been performed as per the ISO 10328:2016 standard in terms of stress distribution, total contour deformation...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - January 2, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Development and evaluation of photon-counting Cd0.875Zn0.125Te0.98Se0.02 detector for measuring bone mineral density
In this study, it is shown that Cd0.875Zn0.125Te0.98Se0.02 (CZTS) shows sufficient performance without loss of detection efficiency. We carried out a study involving the application of this CZTS on calculating bone mineral density (BMD) values, because this application has a novelty of new material for BMD sensor which follows the CdTe- or CdZnTe- based BMD detector. Anatomical images from different energy bins contained different information of attenuation although the images were taken in the same region at the same time. Moreover, calculated BMD values had a proper tendency depending on the amount of bone in that region...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - January 2, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
