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Genomic analysis of inter-hospital transmission of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium sequence type 80 isolated during an outbreak in Hiroshima, Japan
This study focused on a vancomycin-resistant enterococcus outbreak that occurred between 2018 and 2021 across two cities in Hiroshima, Japan. The study involved genetic and phylogenetic analyses using whole-genome sequencing of 103 isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci to identify the source and transmission routes of the outbreak. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using core genome multilocus sequence typing and core single-nucleotide polymorphisms; infection routes between hospitals were inferred using BadTrIP. The outbreak was caused by Enterococcus faecium sequence type (ST) 80 carrying the vanA plasmid, which...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - March 20, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Takaya Segawa Kanako Masuda Junzo Hisatsune Kasumi Ishida-Kuroki Yo Sugawara Masao Kuwabara Hideki Nishikawa Takahiro Hiratsuka Tatsuaki Aota Yasuo Tao Yoshimi Iwahashi Kuniko Ueda Kaori Mae Ken Masumoto Hiroki Kitagawa Hitoshi Komatsuzawa Hiroki Ohge Mot Source Type: research

Vancomycin heteroresistance caused by unstable tandem amplifications of the vanM gene cluster on linear conjugative plasmids in a clinical Enterococcus faecium 
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2024 Mar 20:e0115923. doi: 10.1128/aac.01159-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTVancomycin heteroresistance is prone to missed detection and poses a risk of clinical treatment failure. We encountered one clinical Enterococcus faecium strain, SRR12, that carried a complete vanM gene cluster but was determined as susceptible to vancomycin using the broth microdilution method. However, distinct subcolonies appeared within the clear zone of inhibition in the E-test assay, one of which, named SRR12-v1, showed high-level resistance to vancomycin. SRR12 was confirmed as heteroresistant to vancomycin us...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - March 20, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Lingyan Sun Hemu Zhuang Mengzhen Chen Yan Chen Yiyi Chen Keren Shi Yunsong Yu Source Type: research

Metabolic mechanism and pharmacological study of albendazole in secondary hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) model rats
In this study, various ABZ-solubilizing formulations, including albendazole crystal dispersion system (ABZ-CSD), albendazole hydrochloride-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate composite (TABZ-HCl-H), and albendazole hydroxyethyl sulfonate-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate composite (TABZ-HES-H), were developed and evaluated. Physicochemical properties as well as liver enzyme activity were analyzed and their pharmacodynamics in an anti-secondary hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) rat model were investigated. The formulations demonstrated improved solubility, exhibiting enhanced inhibitory effects on microcysts i...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - March 19, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Chaoqun Li Yaogang Zhang Mingquan Pang Yong Zhang Chunhui Hu Haining Fan Source Type: research

Use of multiple pharmacodynamic measures to deconstruct the Nix-TB regimen in a short-course murine model of tuberculosis
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2024 Mar 19:e0101023. doi: 10.1128/aac.01010-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTA major challenge for tuberculosis (TB) drug development is to prioritize promising combination regimens from a large and growing number of possibilities. This includes demonstrating individual drug contributions to the activity of higher-order combinations. A BALB/c mouse TB infection model was used to evaluate the contributions of each drug and pairwise combination in the clinically relevant Nix-TB regimen [bedaquiline-pretomanid-linezolid (BPaL)] during the first 3 weeks of treatment at human equivalent doses. The...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - March 19, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: M A Lyons A Obregon-Henao M E Ramey A A Bauman S Pauly K Rossmassler J Reid B Karger N D Walter G T Robertson Source Type: research

Real-time measurements of ATP dynamics via ATeams in Plasmodium falciparum reveal drug-class-specific response patterns
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2024 Mar 19:e0169023. doi: 10.1128/aac.01690-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMalaria tropica, caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum), remains one of the greatest public health burdens for humankind. Due to its pivotal role in parasite survival, the energy metabolism of P. falciparum is an interesting target for drug design. To this end, analysis of the central metabolite adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is of great interest. So far, only cell-disruptive or intensiometric ATP assays have been available in this system, with various drawbacks for mechanistic interpretation and ...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - March 19, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Eric Springer Kim C Heimsch Stefan Rahlfs Katja Becker Jude M Przyborski Source Type: research

A machine learning approach to predict daptomycin exposure from two concentrations based on Monte Carlo simulations
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2024 Mar 19:e0141523. doi: 10.1128/aac.01415-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDaptomycin is a concentration-dependent lipopeptide antibiotic for which exposure/effect relationships have been shown. Machine learning (ML) algorithms, developed to predict the individual exposure to drugs, have shown very good performances in comparison to maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimation (MAP-BE). The aim of this work was to predict the area under the blood concentration curve (AUC) of daptomycin from two samples and a few covariates using XGBoost ML algorithm trained on Monte Carlo simulations. Five thou...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - March 19, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Cyrielle Codde Florence Rivals Alexandre Destere Yeleen Fromage Marc Labriffe Pierre Marquet Cl ément Benoist Laure Ponthier Jean-Fran çois Faucher Jean-Baptiste Woillard Source Type: research

Promising aryl selenoate derivatives as antileishmanial agents and their effects on gene expression
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2024 Mar 18:e0155923. doi: 10.1128/aac.01559-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLeishmaniasis remains one of the main public health problems worldwide, with special incidence in the poorest populations. Selenium and its derivatives can be potent therapeutic options against protozoan parasites. In this work, 17 aryl selenoates were synthesized and screened against three species of Leishmania (Leishmania major, Leishmania amazonensis, and Leishmania infantum). Initial screening in promastigotes showed L. infantum species was more sensitive to selenoderivatives than the others. The lead Se-(2-selen...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - March 18, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Celia Fern ández-Rubio Mercedes Rubio-Hern ández Ver ónica Alcolea Aroia Burguete-Mikeo Paul A Nguewa Silvia P érez-Silanes Source Type: research

Efficacy and effect on lipid profiles of switching to ainuovirine-based regimen versus continuing efavirenz-based regimen in people with HIV-1: 24-week results from a real-world, retrospective, multi-center cohort study
In conclusion, we observed good efficacy and favorable changes in lipids in switching to ANV from EFV in treatment-experienced PWH in real world, indicating a promising switching option for PWH who may be more prone to metabolic or cardiovascular diseases.PMID:38483175 | DOI:10.1128/aac.01668-23 (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - March 14, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Chunmei Wang Xiaoli Yu Yingchun Ke Yanhua Fu Yanhe Luo Ying Li Yanmei Bi Xingqiong Chen Linghua Li Xiuhong Zhao Zhong Chen Source Type: research