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Preventive nasal administration of flagellin restores antimicrobial effect of gentamicin and protects against a multidrug-resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
In this study, we evaluated the prophylactic intranasal administration of flagellin against a multidrug-resistant strain of PA (PAMDR) in mice and assessed the possible synergy with the antibiotic gentamicin (GNT). The results indicated that flagellin treatment before infection decreased bacterial load in the lungs, likely due to an increase in neutrophil recruitment, and reduced signs of inflammation, including proinflammatory cytokines. The combination of flagellin and GNT showed a synergistic effect, decreasing even more the bacterial load and increasing mice survival rates, in comparison to mice pre-treated only with f...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - March 25, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ana Raquel Maia Adeline Cezard Delphine Fouquenet Virginie Vasseur Benoit Briard Jean-Claude Sirard Mustapha Si-Tahar Virginie Herv é Source Type: research

Infection and antibiotic-associated changes in the fecal microbiota of C. rodentium ϕ stx2 dact -infected C57BL/6 mice
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2024 Mar 25:e0005724. doi: 10.1128/aac.00057-24. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEnterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli causes watery to bloody diarrhea, which may progress to hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. While early studies suggested that antibiotic treatment may worsen the pathology of an enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infection, recent work has shown that certain non-Shiga toxin-inducing antibiotics avert disease progression. Unfortunately, both intestinal bacterial infections and antibiotic treatment are associated with dysbiosis. This can alleviate colonization r...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - March 25, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Sabrina M ühlen Ann Kathrin Heroven Bettina Elxnat Silke Kahl Dietmar H Pieper Petra Dersch Source Type: research

Clinical and genomic characteristics of IMP-producing Enterobacter cloacae complex and Klebsiella pneumoniae 
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2024 Mar 22:e0167223. doi: 10.1128/aac.01672-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCarbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPEs) are one of the top priority antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Among CPEs, those producing acquired metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are considered particularly problematic as few agents are active against them. Imipenemase (IMP) is the most frequently encountered acquired MBL in Japan, but comprehensive assessment of clinical and microbiological features of IMP-producing Enterobacterales infection remains scarce. Here, we retrospectively evaluated 62 patients who were hosp...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - March 22, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Daisuke Suzuki Aki Sakurai Mitsutaka Wakuda Masahiro Suzuki Yohei Doi Source Type: research

Transferable AmpCs in Klebsiella pneumoniae : interplay with peptidoglycan recycling, mechanisms of hyperproduction, and virulence implications
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2024 Mar 22:e0131523. doi: 10.1128/aac.01315-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTChromosomal and transferable AmpC β-lactamases represent top resistance mechanisms in different gram-negatives, but knowledge regarding the latter, mostly concerning regulation and virulence-related implications, is far from being complete. To fill this gap, we used Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) and two different plasmid-encoded AmpCs [DHA-1 (AmpR regulator linked, inducible) and CMY-2 (constitutive)] as models to perform a study in which we show that blockade of peptidoglycan recycling through AmpG permease inactivati...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - March 22, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Isabel M Barcel ó Maria Escobar-Salom Gabriel Cabot Pau Perell ó-Bauzà Elena Jordana-Lluch Biel Taltavull Gabriel Torrens Estrella Rojo-Molinero Laura Zamorano Astrid P érez Antonio Oliver Carlos Juan Source Type: research

A nanochitosan-D-galactose formulation increases the accumulation of primaquine in the liver
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2024 Mar 22:e0091523. doi: 10.1128/aac.00915-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPrimaquine is the mainstream antimalarial drug to prevent Plasmodium vivax relapses. However, this drug can induce hemolysis in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Nanostructure formulations of primaquine loaded with D-galactose were used as a strategy to target the drug to the liver and decrease the hemolytic risks. Nanoemulsion (NE-Pq) and nanochitosan (NQ-Pq) formulations of primaquine diphosphate containing D-galactose were prepared and characterized by their physicochemistry properties. P...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - March 22, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: F Gomes A C Ribeiro G S Sanches H S Borges L A U Takahashi C T Daniel-Ribeiro A C Tedesco J W L Nascimento L J M Carvalho Source Type: research

Vancomycin heteroresistance caused by unstable tandem amplifications of the vanM gene cluster on linear conjugative plasmids in a clinical Enterococcus faecium 
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2024 Mar 20:e0115923. doi: 10.1128/aac.01159-23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTVancomycin heteroresistance is prone to missed detection and poses a risk of clinical treatment failure. We encountered one clinical Enterococcus faecium strain, SRR12, that carried a complete vanM gene cluster but was determined as susceptible to vancomycin using the broth microdilution method. However, distinct subcolonies appeared within the clear zone of inhibition in the E-test assay, one of which, named SRR12-v1, showed high-level resistance to vancomycin. SRR12 was confirmed as heteroresistant to vancomycin us...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - March 20, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Lingyan Sun Hemu Zhuang Mengzhen Chen Yan Chen Yiyi Chen Keren Shi Yunsong Yu Source Type: research

Genomic analysis of inter-hospital transmission of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium sequence type 80 isolated during an outbreak in Hiroshima, Japan
This study focused on a vancomycin-resistant enterococcus outbreak that occurred between 2018 and 2021 across two cities in Hiroshima, Japan. The study involved genetic and phylogenetic analyses using whole-genome sequencing of 103 isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci to identify the source and transmission routes of the outbreak. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using core genome multilocus sequence typing and core single-nucleotide polymorphisms; infection routes between hospitals were inferred using BadTrIP. The outbreak was caused by Enterococcus faecium sequence type (ST) 80 carrying the vanA plasmid, which...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - March 20, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Takaya Segawa Kanako Masuda Junzo Hisatsune Kasumi Ishida-Kuroki Yo Sugawara Masao Kuwabara Hideki Nishikawa Takahiro Hiratsuka Tatsuaki Aota Yasuo Tao Yoshimi Iwahashi Kuniko Ueda Kaori Mae Ken Masumoto Hiroki Kitagawa Hitoshi Komatsuzawa Hiroki Ohge Mot Source Type: research