Smoking Water-Pipe, Opium Use and Prevalence of Heart Disease: A Cross-sectional Analysis of Baseline Data from the Pars Cohort Study, Southern Iran.

CONCLUSION: Hookah and opium abuse were associated with prevalent IHD in this study. Although more research is needed on these associations, particularly in prospective settings, reducing hookah and opium use could potentially reduce IHD risk. PMID: 32383612 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Archives of Iranian Medicine - Category: Middle East Health Authors: Tags: Arch Iran Med Source Type: research