Immune Checkpoint Regulators: A New Era Toward Promising Cancer Therapy.

Immune Checkpoint Regulators: A New Era Toward Promising Cancer Therapy.
Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2020 Apr 21;:
Authors: Shaaban M, Othman H, Ibrahim T, Ali M, Abdelmoaty M, Abdel-Kawi AR, Mostafa A, El Nakeeb A, Emam H, Refaat A
Abstract
During the last century, our battle against cancer has been inaugurated upon three main approaches; surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. The latest findings on the effectiveness of immunotherapy in cancer management offer a ray of hope after decades of research and studies on the best treatment methods. Immunotherapy has proven effective in the surveillance and destruction of cancer-causing cells, demonstrating its ability to suppress cancer through controlling the well-established immune-editing process. Immuno-editing is a process that comprises three principal elements; namely elimination, equilibrium, and escape, and is paramount to the comprehension of checkpoint inhibition. Cancer cells employ various approaches to evade the elimination step leading to its immune-escape. The escape mechanism encompasses the upregulation of negative co-signals that block successful activation of cancer-eradicating immune cells, developing cytokine background that favors the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), or dropping the expression of tumor-specific proteins known as neo-antigens, therefore reducing the immunogenic activity against cancer cells. Today, checkpoint inhibitors are considered as a ...

Source: Current Cancer Drug Targets - April 20, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Shaaban M, Othman H, Ibrahim T, Ali M, Abdelmoaty M, Abdel-Kawi AR, Mostafa A, El Nakeeb A, Emam H, Refaat A Tags: Curr Cancer Drug Targets Source Type: research