Mechanisms of Arrhythmia and Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients With HIV Infection

Publication date: March 2019Source: Canadian Journal of Cardiology, Volume 35, Issue 3Author(s): Judith Brouillette, Samuel Cyr, Céline FisetAbstractLong-term survival of HIV-infected patients has significantly improved with the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). As a consequence, cardiovascular diseases are now emerging as an important clinical problem in this population. Sudden cardiac death is the third leading cause of mortality in HIV patients. Twenty percent of patients with HIV who died of sudden cardiac death had previous cardiac arrhythmias including ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and other unspecified rhythm disorders. This review presents a summary of HIV-related arrhythmias, associated risk factors specific to the HIV population, and underlying mechanisms. Compared with the general population, patients with HIV have several cardiac conditions and electrophysiological abnormalities. As a result, they have an increased risk of developing severe arrhythmias, that can lead to sudden cardiac death. Possible explanations may be related to non-ART polypharmacy, electrolyte imbalances, and use of substances observed in HIV-infected patients; many of these conditions are associated with alterations in cardiac electrical activity, increasing the risk of arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. However, clinical and experimental evidence has also revealed that cardiac arrhythmias occur in HIV-infected patients, even in the absence of drugs. This indicates that ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Cardiology - Category: Cardiology Source Type: research