Mutational landscape of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) includes stage Ta and stage T1 tumors and carcinoma in situ (CIS). Grading of Ta tumors subdivides these lesions into papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential and low- and high-grade noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma. CIS is by definition high-grade and the majority of stage T1 tumors are of high-grade. This pathologic heterogeneity is associated with divergent clinical outcome, with significantly worse prognosis for patients with T1 tumors or CIS.
Source: Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations - Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Tags: Seminars article Source Type: research