Fatty and hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors: The missing link of immune response and metabolism in cattle

Publication date: July 2018Source: Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, Volume 201Author(s): P. Alarcon, C. Manosalva, M.D. Carretta, A.I. Hidalgo, C.D. Figueroa, A. Taubert, C. Hermosilla, M.A. Hidalgo, R.A. BurgosAbstractFatty and hydroxycarboxylic acids are one of the main intermediates of energy metabolism in ruminants and critical in the milk production of cattle. High production demands on a dairy farm can induce nutritional imbalances and metabolism disorders, which have been widely associated with the onset of sterile inflammatory processes and increased susceptibility to infections. The literature suggests that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) and hydroxycarboxylic acids are relevant modulators of the host innate inflammatory response. For instance, increased SCFA and lactate levels are associated with subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and the activation of pro-inflammatory processes mediated by diverse leukocyte and vascular endothelial cells. As such, free LCFA and the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate are significantly increased in the plasma 1–2 weeks postpartum, coinciding with the time period in which cows are more susceptible to acquiring infectious diseases that the host innate immune system should actively oppose. Today, many of these pro-inflammatory responses can be related to the activation of specific G protein-coupled receptors, including GPR41/FFA3 and GPR43/FFA2 for SCFA; GPR40/FFA1 and GPR120/FFA4 for LCFA, GPR109A/HC...
Source: Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology - Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research