Oxidative stress in bone remodeling: role of antioxidants.

Oxidative stress in bone remodeling: role of antioxidants. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2017 May-Aug;14(2):209-216 Authors: Domazetovic V, Marcucci G, Iantomasi T, Brandi ML, Vincenzini MT Abstract ROS are highly reactive molecules which consist of a number of diverse chemical species, including radical and non-radical oxygen species. Oxidative stress occurs as a result of an overproduction of ROS not balanced by an adequate level of antioxidants. The natural antioxidants are: thiol compounds among which GSH is the most representative, and non-thiol compounds such as polyphenols, vitamins and also various enzymes. Many diseases have been linked to oxidative stress including bone diseases among which one of the most important is the osteoporosis. The redox state changes are also related to the bone remodeling process which allows the continuous bone regeneration through the coordinated action of bone cells: osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes. Changes in ROS and/or antioxidant systems seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of bone loss. ROS induce the apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes, and this favours osteoclastogenesis and inhibits the mineralization and osteogenesis. Excessive osteocyte apoptosis correlates with oxidative stress causing an imbalance in favor of osteoclastogenesis which leads to increased turnover of bone remodeling and bone loss. Antioxidants either directly or by counteracting the action of oxidants con...
Source: Clinical Cases in Mineral and Bone Metabolism - Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab Source Type: research