Lymphocyte-Dominant Encephalitis and Meningitis in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy.

Lymphocyte-Dominant Encephalitis and Meningitis in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy.
Am J Pathol. 2017 Dec 05;:
Authors: Mangus LM, Beck SE, Queen SE, Brill SA, Shirk EN, Metcalf Pate KA, Muth DC, Adams RJ, Gama L, Clements JE, Mankowski JL
Abstract
A retrospective neuropathologic review of 30 SIV-infected pigtailed macaques receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) was conducted. Seventeen animals with lymphocyte-dominant inflammation in the brain and/or meninges that clearly was morphologically distinct from prototypic SIV encephalitis and human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis were identified. Central nervous system (CNS) infiltrates in cART-treated macaques primarily comprised CD20+ B cells and CD3+ T cells with fewer CD68+ macrophages. Inflammation was associated with low levels of SIV RNA in the brain as shown by in situ hybridization, and generally was observed in animals with episodes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral rebound or sustained plasma and CSF viremia during treatment. Although the lymphocytic CNS inflammation in these macaques shared morphologic characteristics with uncommon immune-mediated neurologic disorders reported in treated HIV patients, including CNS immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and neurosymptomatic CSF escape, the high prevalence of CNS lesions in macaques suggests that persistent adaptive immune responses in the CNS also may deve...

Source: The American Journal of Pathology - December 5, 2017 Category: Pathology Authors: Mangus LM, Beck SE, Queen SE, Brill SA, Shirk EN, Metcalf Pate KA, Muth DC, Adams RJ, Gama L, Clements JE, Mankowski JL Tags: Am J Pathol Source Type: research